Deck 10: Structuralism and Functionalism

Question 1

Structuralism was a direct outgrowth of functionalism just as behaviorism was a direct outgrowth of functionalism.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The "Fechner Club" founded by Titchener in 1904 changed its name to the Society of Experimental Psychologists in 1928.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Titchener generated both a qualitative and a quantitative manual of experimental psychology.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

For Titchener, "what" is the analysis of mental elements, "why" is how the elements are synthesized, and "how" is the connection of the elements.

Question 5

Structuralism was absorbed into the mainstream of mid 20th century psychology, becoming the implicit focus of the entire field.

Question 6

At Columbia, the functionalist orientation was explicit and dominant, while it was implicit and taken for granted in Chicago.

Question 7

The functionalist school emphasized the adaptive role of experience and behavior.

Question 8

Dewey, in his book, How We Think, emphasized the role of the reflex arc in his "learning by doing."

Question 9

Thorndike argued that animals learn to escape from a puzzle box not by insight but by blind trial and error.

Question 10

Cattell's and Calkins's use of reaction time and of psychophysical measurements proved to be a useful set of techniques for the measurement of intelligence.

Question 11

Among Titchener's many influential students were

A) Dallenbach, Boring, and Boring's student Stevens
B) Carr and Mead
C) Angell and Dewey
D) Thorndike and Woodworth

Question 12

Titchener advocated

A) all of these
B) systematic introspection to discover mental elements
C) the context theory of meaning
D) avoidance of the stimulus error

Question 13

According to Titchener, the stimulus error is

A) including information about the meaning of the stimulus in the description of the mental content generated by that stimulus
B) confusing one stimulus with another similar one
C) identifying the wrong stimulus as responsible for a response
D) all of these

Question 14

The functionalist orientation

A) all of these
B) was explicit in Chicago but was implicit at Columbia
C) led to behaviorism
D) was an outgrowth of evolutionary theory

Question 15

Angell's 1906 APA presidential address emphasized the

A) function of consciousness
B) functional definition of meaning
C) law of effect
D) truncated law of effect

Question 16

In Carr's analysis, the components of an adaptive act consist of

A) motive, motivating stimulus, sensory situation, incentive, response, and association between stimulus and response
B) learning by doing, with blind trial and error
C) sensations, images, and affections
D) none of these

Question 17

Thorndike's connectionism argued that

A) all of these
B) satisfiers strengthen and annoyers weaken preceding S-R connections
C) behavior in a new puzzle situation rarely if ever displays insight
D) the law of effect plays a crucial role in learning

Question 18

Woodworth's "dynamic psychology"

A) argued that mechanisms may become drives
B) was an outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory
C) led to the reinforcement theories of Hull, Spence, and Skinner
D) generated a widely used test of personality

Question 19

The concept of mental age

A) was central to Binet's and Simon's approach to the measurement of intelligence
B) is identical to Wechsler's idea of the IQ
C) is useful in the measurement of adult intelligence
D) was the basis of Yerkes's Alpha and Beta tests of intelligence

Question 20

Which of the following are tests of personality?

A) the MMPI and the TAT
B) the WISC and the WAIS
C) the Alpha and the Beta
D) the Binet-Simon and the Stanford-Binet

Question 21

What did Titchener believe is the task of psychology?

Question 22

Summarize Titchener's context theory of meaning.

Question 23

Contrast functionalism at Chicago and Columbia.

Question 24

How did Angell relate function and adaptation?

Question 25

What was Mead's functional definition of meaning?

Question 26

What is "blind trial and error?"

Question 27

What, according to Thorndike, strengthens, and what weakens, S-R connections?

Question 28

What did Thorndike mean by "connectionism?"

Question 29

What did Woodworth mean by "dynamic psychology?"

Question 30

What was the fate of the functionalist movement?
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Answers to short answer questions for Chapter 10: Structuralism and Functionalism

Question 31

How did Titchener reinterpret Wundt's psychology?

Question 32

What did Titchener mean by the "is" and "is for" of mind?

Question 33

What is Titchenerian systematic introspection?

Question 34

What is the stimulus error, and why did Titchener insist that it must be avoided?

Question 35

What, according to Carr, are the components of an adaptive act?

Question 36

What is Thorndike's "law of effect?"

Question 37

How did Cattell, Calkins, and other early modern psychologists propose to measure individual differences in intelligence-and did this approach work?

Question 38

What is "mental age," and how is the concept used in the measurement of intelligence?

Question 39

Contrast Terman's and Wechsler's concept of the IQ.

Question 40

What are some of the major tests of personality?