Deck 1: The Evolution of Police Leadership and Administration

Question 1

Since the 1830s, the word "police" has come to mean:

A) the authority of the city
B) government of the city
C) maintenance of order and the enforcement of law
D) citizen control

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The United States has one of the more decentralized and complex policing systems in the world because of the:

A) Founding Fathers' fear of a strong centralized government
B) Second Amendment
C) bureaucratic organization
D) Federal governmental control

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Police departments with less than a thousand sworn officers and limited specialization are:

A) urban multilevel police organizations
B) county police organizations
C) rural police organizations
D) suburban police organizations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The enforcement activities of police officers determine:

A) highway safety
B) the limits of individual freedom
C) due process
D) guilt and innocence

Question 5

Our policing system is responsible for all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A) crime control
B) order maintenance
C) immigration control
D) service provision

Question 6

A learning organization continually enhances its effectiveness by:

A) adapting to the needs of its environment
B) holding its employees accountable
C) consistently improving its performance criteria
D) maintaining tight managerial control

Question 7

An external factor that influences managerial decisions in a police learning organization is:

A) the organization's mission
B) recruitment and retention of personnel
C) community demographics
D) organizational values

Question 8

The origins of professional policing can be traced to the creation of the:

A) Boston Police Department
B) New York City Police Department
C) Amsterdam Police Department
D) London Metropolitan Police Department

Question 9

Early American policing was based upon all of the following EXCEPT

A) colonial sheriff
B) volunteer posse
C) federal agents
D) slave patrols

Question 10

The London Metropolitan Police was based upon the principle that:

A) officers must demand citizens respect
B) aggressive policing is important
C) people are the police and the police are the people
D) strong community control

Question 11

According to Peel's Principles of Law Enforcement, the true test of police efficiency is:

A) rapid response and low crime rates
B) the absence of crime and disorder
C) visible evidence of police action dealing with crime
D) high conviction rates

Question 12

An early American police department that did not owe its loyalty to political bosses is:

A) Boston Police
B) New York Police
C) Atlanta Police
D) Charleston Police

Question 13

O. W. Wilson's principles of organizational administration include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) tasks similar in purpose, method, or clientele should be grouped together
B) the span of control should be increased to its limit
C) line personnel must be supervised around the clock
D) the principles of unity of command must be applied

Question 14

In strategic policing, strategy is characterized by:

A) decentralized service delivery based upon organizational needs
B) information gathering, crime and problem analysis, geographic focus, and tactical development
C) random patrol, response to calls-for-service, and after-the-occurrence crime investigation
D) centralized policy, standards, rules, and task specialization

Question 15

In order for police organizations to engage in strategic management they must:

A) increase patrol strength
B) diversify patrol tactics
C) restructure their operational tactics to meet community changing needs
D) develop their investigative resources

Question 16

Strategic management requires that a police department's chief executive and his or her administrative team create:

A) a "strategic vision" for the department
B) quantitative output measures
C) computer information analysis systems
D) tactical patrol units

Question 17

Kelling and Moore (1988) divided the organizational development of American professional policing into all of the following eras EXCEPT:

A) political
B) reform
C) strategic
D) community

Question 18

During what era did a number of influential police chiefs and police scholars redefine the police function and organization?

A) community
B) strategic
C) reform
D) political

Question 19

The first visionary in policing to advocate the adaptation in policing of theories and concepts drawn from the fields of management, sociology, psychology, and social work is:

A) O. W. Wilson
B) August Vollmer
C) William Bratton
D) Sir Robert Peel

Question 20

Community policing contains all of the following key elements EXCEPT:

A) decentralization of patrol units
B) selection of officers to liaison with the community
C) problem-response strategies developed at the administrative command level
D) citizen and police engage in joint efforts in problem identification, analysis, and resolution

Question 21

A learning organization actively engages, evaluates, and adapts by continually assessing its environmental demands and operational methods.

Question 22

The first adaptation of the strategic management process in policing occurred in 1994 in the Chicago Police Department with the development of Compstat.

Question 23

The art and science of formulating and implementing strategies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives is known as strategic management.

Question 24

Early 20th-century police reformers believed that an administratively controlled police department commanded by a strong independent chief was the ideal administrative model for policing.

Question 25

Managerial decisions in learning organizations are influenced by a diverse set of factors that are derived from without and within these organizations.

Question 26

The period in which the development of American urban police departments began in the 1840s and lasted into the early part of the 20th century was identified by Kelling and Moore as the Community Era.

Question 27

According to O. W. Wilson, each assignment of responsibility must carry with it a commensurate authority to accomplish the task.

Question 28

A product of the deprofessionalization syndrome is the creation of street cop culture.

Question 29

The Strategy reform era involves community partnerships, response to calls-for-service, and after-the-occurrence crime investigation.

Question 30

Wilson and Kelling claimed that fighting crime is important; however, fighting fear is essential in order for communities to survive.

Question 31

Identify and describe the eras of professional policing development.

Question 32

Define the characteristics of strategic policing.

Question 33

Describe and identify the relevance of Peel's Principles of Law Enforcement.

Question 34

Describe the various types of American police departments.

Question 35

Identify the characteristics of the top suburban police departments.