Deck 4: Conquest, Colonialism, and Resistance

Question 1

When did the direct conquest of Mexico, Mesoamerica, and South America by thSpanish and Portuguese begin?

A) before Columbus arrived
B) during Columbus's 3^rd voyage
C) after Columbus's 4^th voyage
D) after Columbus's 5^th voyage

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following was not a primary wave of Spanish exploration anexpedition?

A) through the northern Orinoco river basin area
B) westward into Panama and present-day Colombia
C) through the Pacific to Buenos Aires
D) westward to coastal areas of Belize and Guatemala

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following were contemporary rivals in the New World?

A) Spain, Portugal, England, Denmark
B) Holland, Spain, England, France
C) France, Germany, Portugal, Spain
D) Italy, France, Portugal, Spain

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following was not a primary weapon of the Inca soldiers?

A) stone-tipped axes
B) projectiles
C) slings
D) bows and arrows

Question 5

Which of the following was not a European disease?

A) measles
B) smallpox
C) malaria
D) typhus

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of indigenous peoples perished during thConquest, according to most experts?

A) 100%
B) 90%
C) 75%
D) 60%

Question 7

An indigenous community grouped into an administrative unit to provide labor tthe state was called a/an:

A) repartimiento
B) encomienda
C) merced
D) reducción

Question 8

The survival of many ayllus or pueblos until the present day is due, in part, to thSpanish establishment of:

A) encomiendas
B) cabildos
C) reducciones
D) compadrazgo

Question 9

Which of the following statements about haciendas is most accurate?

A) Most scholars do not agree that classic-type haciendas existed in Latin America.
B) They reached their zenith prior to colonial independence.
C) They emerged directly from the institution of encomiendas.
D) Scholars disagree on the factors that led to their initial establishment.

Question 10

All of the following are common characteristics of the hacienda except:

A) laborers had some sort of access to land for self-use
B) tenants provided tribute payments
C) high capital investment
D) low levels of technology

Question 11

What was the first independent nation-state in Latin America?

A) Haiti
B) Peru
C) Mexico
D) Cuba

Question 12

Historical processes of ethnic formation are called:

A) ethnic resistance
B) ethnocentrism
C) ethnogenesis
D) ethnohistory

Question 13

All of the following are important colonial legacies in Latin American anCaribbean societies except:

A) enclave economies
B) political inequality
C) syncretic cultures
D) racial homogeneity

Question 14

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) The colonial legacy left a unified and rapidly-developing region.
B) Colonialism permanently crippled Latin America and the Caribbean.
C) The legacy of colonialism continues to play a significant role in contemporary Latin America and the Caribbean.
D) Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be classified as colonial societies today.

Question 15

Why is the commemoration of "Columbus Day" a controversial holiday in much othe Americas?

A) It often betrays an uncritical acceptance of a Eurocentric mode of understanding history.
B) It represents the total destruction of Latin America and the Caribbean.
C) It often is represented as an indigenous holiday only.
D) It is only celebrated in the United States today.

Question 16

Because of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Portuguese were restricted to lands in thNew World up to 60 degrees longitude.

Question 17

Not one single European colonial power managed to establish either a political oeconomic monopoly over the Caribbean islands.

Question 18

Most indigenous societies in southern Chile and Argentina mounted such effectivresistance to European advances that they were not conquered until the 19^th century.

Question 19

The monotheistic worldview of the Inca and Aztec provided them with aaggressive worldview.

Question 20

An encomienda was a Spanish land grant to the conquerors.

Question 21

Many colonial practices survive today in contemporary Latin America, reinterpreteand culturally reframed to meet the challenges of today.

Question 22

African slaves were not the primary source of labor for mines in Mexico anBolivia.

Question 23

One of the best-known examples of a maroon society is Palmares in Brazil.

Question 24

The Garifuna are a contemporary maroon society in Nicaragua.

Question 25

Enduring political and economic inequalities were the primary causes of thMexican Revolution of 1910.

Question 26

What are the four factors that most enabled the Spanish to conquer the Inca anAztec Empires?

Question 27

Give at least two reasons why the Maya were considerably more difficult tconquer than the Inca and Aztec.

Question 28

Name two primary consequences to the New World because of the introduction osugar cane as a cultigen in the Caribbean.

Question 29

Distinguish between an encomienda, a merced (or composición), and repartimiento.

Question 30

What was a significant consequence of Haiti's slave revolution?

Question 31

Describe the political state of events in the Inca Empire in 1531, immediately prioto the arrival of Pizarro.

Question 32

Identify and discuss each of the five mechanisms of colonial rule.

Question 33

How did the institution of compadrazgo contribute to the success of the coloniastrategy?