Question 1

The transtheoretical model proposes what?&#10;A) People undergoing behaviour change do so in a single step from non-compliance to compliance&#10;B) People undergoing behaviour change do so by moving through a series of stages&#10;C) People undergoing behaviour change make conscious decisions to commence and maintain a behaviour&#10;D) People undergoing behaviour change do so just by improving self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model suggests that people undergo behavior change through a series of stages, including precontemplation (not yet considering change), contemplation (considering change), preparation (making small steps towards change), action (actively changing behavior), and maintenance (sustaining the changed behavior). This model acknowledges that behavior change is a gradual process, and that individuals may go back and forth between stages before making the desired change.

Question 2

Which of these is NOT typically a stage of behaviour change associated with physical activity research?&#10;A) Precontemplation&#10;B) Action&#10;C) Termination&#10;D) Maintenance

Accepted Answer

Precontemplation, Action, Maintenance are commonly observed stages of behaviour change associated with physical activity research, whereas Termination is not a commonly observed stage. Termination is a proposed stage of behaviour change, suggesting an endpoint in the behaviour change process. However, it is still a matter of debate and is not widely accepted in the research community.

Question 3

Processes associated with behaviour change can be grouped into cognitive and behavioural strategies. Which of these statements best describes the process-by-stage interaction for physical activity?&#10;A) There is insufficient evidence to support a process-by-stage interaction.&#10;B) Cognitive processes tended to peak during the action stage and remain elevated in the maintenance stage.&#10;C) Cognitive processes and behavioural processes rise in a linear fashion until the maintenance stage, when cognitive process decline.&#10;D) Cognitive processes rise until precontemplation when behavioural processes start to dominate until the maintenance stage.

Accepted Answer

There is a lack of sufficient evidence to definitively describe how cognitive and behavioral processes interact with the stages of behavior change specifically for physical activity.

Question 4

What is the 'decisional balance' exercise?&#10;A) A process which defines when a person can self-manage exercise.&#10;B) The process of assessing the falls risks in older adults.&#10;C) A coercive strategy used by health practitioners to overcome low motivation to commence exercise.&#10;D) A strategy to assist people to make successful behaviour change by having them weigh up the 'pros' and 'cons' of change.

Accepted Answer

The decisional balance exercise is a strategy used to assist individuals in making successful behavior change by weighing the pros and cons of making that change. It is often used in clinical settings to address issues such as exercise adherence, smoking cessation, and healthy eating habits.

Question 5

The Health Action Process Approach is a hybrid model of behaviour change. Risk perception is part of that model but is only relevant to which stages?&#10;A) During the action stage.&#10;B) During the intentional stage.&#10;C) During the non-intentional stage.&#10;D) During the maintenance stage.

Accepted Answer

Risk perception is relevant during the non-intentional stage as it influences the initial motivation to change behavior before intentions are formed.

Question 6

The probability of relapse back to physical inactivity following a risk to self-control is associated with:&#10;A) The severity of the risk and the duration of physical activity maintainance.&#10;B) Exercise self-efficacy and the adequacy of the coping response.&#10;C) Interpersonal conflict, negative emotional states, and social pressure.&#10;D) Goal setting, and prior performance outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The probability of relapse back to physical inactivity following a risk to self-control is best associated with exercise self-efficacy and the adequacy of the coping response. This means that individuals who have confidence in their ability to maintain physical activity and have effective coping strategies are less likely to relapse into physical inactivity.

Deck 9: Common Theories 2 Stage-Based Approaches