Question 1

Correlates research is important to the design of physical activity interventions because it addresses the _______ of physical activity.&#10;A) Moderators&#10;B) Mediators&#10;C) Manipulators&#10;D) Moderators and Mediators

Accepted Answer

Correlates research identifies both moderators (factors that influence the strength of the relationship between an intervention and physical activity behavior) and mediators (factors that explain how an intervention might influence physical activity behavior). Understanding both of these types of variables is important in designing effective physical activity interventions. Manipulators are not a relevant concept in this context.

Question 2

The mediating variables model proposes that an intervention leads to changes in physical activity as a result of&#8230;&#10;A) Removal of the mediating variables&#10;B) Restructure of the mediating variables&#10;C) Changes in mediating variables&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The mediating variables model proposes that changes in physical activity are a result of changes in the mediating variables. Therefore, the intervention does not necessarily involve removing or restructuring the mediating variables, but rather changing them in some way. Therefore, the correct answer is C, changes in mediating variables.

Question 3

Which of these is a key correlate of physical activity?&#10;A) Biological correlates, such as fitness or body fatness&#10;B) Social correlates, such as social support and family interactions&#10;C) Psychological correlates, such as self-efficacy&#10;D) Environmental correlates, such as cycle paths and weather conditions&#10;E) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above are key correlates of physical activity. Physical activity is influenced by a combination of biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors. Biological factors such as fitness or body fatness may affect the ability and motivation to engage in physical activity. Social factors such as social support and family interactions may provide the necessary encouragement and motivation to engage in physical activity. Psychological factors such as self-efficacy may also influence the likelihood of engaging in physical activity. Environmental factors such as the availability of cycle paths and weather conditions may also affect physical activity levels.

Question 4

Which of these research designs contributes the least to our understanding of the determinants to physical activity?&#10;A) Double-blind randomised cross-over trials&#10;B) Prospective studies&#10;C) Cross-sectional studies&#10;D) All of the above have contributed equally to our understanding of the correlates to physical activity

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of a population at a single point in time and do not establish causality. They can only show associations between factors and physical activity. On the other hand, double-blind randomized cross-over trials and prospective studies can provide stronger evidence for causality and have contributed more to our understanding of the determinants of physical activity.

Question 5

Based on the associations between parental and child physical activity, which of these statements is best supported?&#10;A) The physical activity levels of the father are the strongest influence on a child's physical activity.&#10;B) Parental support is a stronger influence than parental physical activity on a child's physical activity levels.&#10;C) A child's physical activity levels are directly related to the parent's levels of physical activity levels.&#10;D) There is no association between parental and child's physical activity levels.

Accepted Answer

Parental support often plays a more crucial role than the direct modeling of physical activity by parents. This support can include encouragement, logistical support (such as transportation to sports activities), and providing opportunities for physical activity, which can have a stronger influence on a child's activity levels than simply observing their parents being active.

Question 6

The evidence for psychological correlates of physical activity in adults appears inconsistent except for which variable?&#10;A) General Self-confidence&#10;B) Self-efficacy&#10;C) Perceived self-worth&#10;D) Self-motivation

Accepted Answer

The evidence consistently supports a positive relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy, or belief in one's ability to successfully complete tasks or achieve goals. The relationship between physical activity and other psychological variables, such as general self-confidence, perceived self-worth, and self-motivation, is less clear and may depend on individual characteristics or specific contexts.

Question 7

A lack of time is commonly stated as a barrier to physical activity participation in young people. Which of these statements is MOST true?&#10;A) Boys and girls have little time for physical activity due to schoolwork.&#10;B) Statements regarding barriers to physical activity probably reflect the value and interest they attach to being physically active.&#10;C) Statements regarding barriers to physical activity probably aren't accurate since findings are conflicting.&#10;D) More boys than girls state a lack of time is a barrier to physical activity and sport.

Accepted Answer

While lack of time is a commonly stated barrier, it is not necessarily the only or most accurate one. People's statements about barriers may reflect their personal values and interests, which can vary. Additionally, research on this topic has produced conflicting findings. Therefore, option B is the most true in acknowledging the complexity of the issue.

Question 8

Interpreting the findings from population surveys which attempt to identify motives and barriers to exercise are problematic due to;&#10;A) A low response rate leading to a non-representative sample.&#10;B) Poor design of studies and sample selection&#10;C) Replicable, psychometrically validated instruments are rarely used.&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

All the options A, B and C are valid reasons why interpreting the findings from population surveys on exercise can be problematic. A low response rate leads to a non-representative sample, poor study design and sample selection can affect the validity of results, and the use of non-replicable or non-validated instruments can compromise the reliability of findings. Therefore, all the options contribute to the difficulty in interpreting these types of surveys.

Deck 7: Physical Activity Correlates, Determinants, and Barriers