Deck 34: Stochastic Effects of Radiation

Question 1

Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with radiation showed an increased incidence of _____________.

A) leukemia
B) cancer
C) early death
D) infertility

Answer 1

leukemia

Question 2

Relative risk is _________________.

A) expected cases/observed cases
B) observed cases/expected cases
C) observed cases - expected cases
D) expected cases - observed cases

Answer 2

observed cases/expected cases

Question 3

A __________ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases.

A) non-stochastic
B) stochastic
C) deterministic
D) localized

Answer 3

stochastic

Question 4

The theory of radiation hormesis suggests that radiation doses below 0.1 mGy are _____________.

A) carcinogenic
B) beneficial
C) lethal
D) harmful

Question 5

Our information on the genetic effects of radiation has come from studies of ___________.

A) mice
B) fruit flies
C) humans
D) Both A and B

Question 6

Radiation protection guidelines are based on _______________________.

A) stochastic effects of radiation
B) deterministic effects of radiation
C) lethal effects of radiation
D) Both A and B

Question 7

An epidemiological study of the stochastic effects of very low doses of radiation requires a population of ____________ of people.

A) millions
B) thousands
C) hundreds
D) dozens

Question 8

People who had radiation treatments to their thymus gland as children later showed excess risk for ____________.

A) bone cancers
B) skin cancers
C) leukemia
D) thyroid cancers

Question 9

Chronic low doses of radiation have ________ effect on fertility.

A) no
B) an increasing
C) a strong
D) a weak

Question 10

Radiation induced skin cancer in radiotherapy patients has occurred with _____________________.

A) a threshold dose-response
B) a nonthreshold dose-response
C) 100% of the patients treated
D) 50% of the patients treated

Question 11

____________ is a stochastic effect of radiation exposure.

A) Erythema
B) Epilation
C) Cancer
D) Nausea

Question 12

People who were employed painting radium watch dials later showed excess risk for ______________ cancer.

A) bone
B) stomach
C) thyroid
D) mouth

Question 13

It is difficult to link cancer to radiation exposure because it occurs ___________ in the population.

A) with severity
B) very rarely
C) in high proportion
D) only in the elderly

Question 14

The threshold dose for cataract formation is known to be _____ mSv of acute exposure to the eyes.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 10
D) 20

Question 15

Radiation-induced leukemia has a latent period of _______ years.

A) 1-2
B) 4-7
C) 5-10
D) 15-20

Question 16

A study of an irradiated population which showed a relative risk factor below 1.0 would indicate that the population had a ___________ risk.

A) slight
B) no
C) reduced
D) very high

Question 17

Data showing radiation-induced human genetic abnormalities __________________.

A) does not exist
B) indicates responses to low doses
C) indicates responses to high doses
D) is being studied by the BEIR

Question 18

Low doses of radiation have been shown to cause ________________.

A) chromosome damage
B) loss of fertility
C) cataracts
D) radiodermatitis

Question 19

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the _____________________.

A) first 2 weeks
B) first trimester
C) second trimester
D) third trimester

Question 20

Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a ______________________ dose-response relationship to radiation.

A) nonlinear, threshold
B) linear, threshold
C) linear, nonthreshold
D) nonlinear, nonthreshold