Deck 13: Urban Planning in the Twenty-First Century

Question 1

The urbanist Anthony Downs uses five criteria in his definition of urban sprawl. Which of the following is NOT one of these criteria?

A) high-density, primarily multi-family residential settlement
B) saturation of job locations widely across the landscape in mainly low-density establishments
C) fragmentation of governance authority over land uses among many relatively small localities
D) widespread reliance on the filtering or "trickle-down" process to provide housing for low-income households

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Social scientist Henry Richmond includes which of the following criteria in his definition of urban sprawl?

A) limited outward extension of new development
B) centralized land ownership
C) disparity in the fiscal capacity of local government
D) all of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The text points out that there are usually five types of development present in reference to urban sprawl. Which of the following is NOT one of these types?

A) leapfrog or scattered development
B) high accessibility to open space
C) large expanses of low-density or single-use developments
D) developments that are unconnected to each other

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The text points out that, regardless of the planning function, planning takes on which of the following forms?

A) exploitive opportunity seeking
B) ameliorative problem solving
C) allocative trend modifying
D) all of the above

Question 5

__________ has deep roots in American communities and is used by community boosters, usually unelected business elites; it is growth for growth's sake.

A) Normative goal-oriented planning
B) Exploitive opportunity seeking
C) Ameliorative problem solving
D) Allocative trend modifying

Question 6

__________ is a short-term reactive planning style dominated by elected officials and professional planning staffs.

A) Ameliorative problem solving
B) Allocative trend modifying
C) Exploitive opportunity seeking
D) Normative goal-oriented planning

Question 7

The __________ style of planning is the most common in large American cities; it is proactive and dominated by planning professionals guided by policies approved by elected officials.

A) normative goal-oriented
B) ameliorative problem solving
C) allocative trend-modifying
D) exploitive opportunity seeking

Question 8

__________ is long associated with central planning in socialist and communist nations, but it is now part of most large regional and metropolitan planning departments.

A) Exploitive opportunity seeking
B) Allocative trend modifying
C) Ameliorative problem solving
D) Normative goal-oriented planning

Question 9

Slow-growth advocates, pro-growth advocates, inner-city advocates, and better-growth advocates are some of the grassroots groups promoting a new planning philosophy called

A) smart growth.
B) long-range planning.
C) allocative trend modification.
D) ameliorative problem solving.

Question 10

Successful smart growth communities adhere to which of the following principles?

A) homogenous land uses
B) avoid walkable communities
C) provide a variety of transportation choices
D) direct development away from existing communities

Question 11

In 2000, Maryland's General Assembly passed and funded the administration's entire package of smart growth bills. Which of the following was NOT included in the package?

A) Green Print
B) Sports Complex
C) Community Legacy
D) Mass-Transit Initiative

Question 12

Growth management usually includes three elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

A) orderly infrastructure development
B) environmental preservation
C) quality of life and design consideration
D) land-use regulation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles of new urbanism?

A) Existing urban centers should be restored within coherent metropolitan areas that protect the built legacy.
B) Development occurs in compact, walkable neighborhoods with clearly defined edges and centers.
C) Diverse activities should be discouraged.
D) Without excluding automobiles, their presence should be minimized.

Question 14

Critics of smart growth and the new urbanism argue that

A) government officials, not markets, should determine land-use.
B) smart growth infringes on the property rights of citizens.
C) developers are given too much attention.
D) these philosophies are driven by people with a working-class value system.

Question 15

According to the text's discussion of the city in the future,

A) suburban sprawl will continue to be the dominant form of urban growth in American society.
B) The automobile will cease to be the dominant transportation form shaping American cities.
C) propinquity and location will be less important in the city of 2050.
D) all of the above

Question 16

Today, the most serious problem facing the planning community is suburban sprawl.

Question 17

Sprawl is widespread and simple to measure.

Question 18

Metropolitan government in the United States is highly fragmented.

Question 19

The new urbanism movement is opposed to the smart growth coalition.

Question 20

In the postwar period, rapid suburbanization defined the nation's urban growth.

Question 21

Based on the text's discussion and the criteria presented by urbanist Anthony Downs and social scientist Henry Richmond, what are the primary criteria involved with defining urban sprawl?

Question 22

What are the basic principles involved with the smart growth philosophy?

Question 23

Describe the new urbanism movement. Give several practical illustrations of this philosophy in practice.