Deck 12: Transcription: Reading and Expressing Genes

Question 1

DNA features are often represented using diagrams. Identify each feature on the following diagram.

Answer 1

a. A = 5' end
b. B = Regulatory region
c. C = Transcription start site
d. D = Untranslated region
e. E = Exon
f. F = Intron
g. G = 3' end

Question 2

Match the eukaryotic RNA polymerase with the type of RNA it transcribes.

-rRNA

A) RNAPI
B) RNAPII
C) RNAPIII
D) RNAPIV

Answer 2

RNAPI

Question 3

Match the eukaryotic RNA polymerase with the type of RNA it transcribes.

-mRNA

A) RNAPI
B) RNAPII
C) RNAPIII
D) RNAPIV

Answer 3

RNAPII

Question 4

Match the eukaryotic RNA polymerase with the type of RNA it transcribes.

-tRNA

A) RNAPI
B) RNAPII
C) RNAPIII
D) RNAPIV

Question 5

Match the eukaryotic RNA polymerase with the type of RNA it transcribes.

-siRNA

A) RNAPI
B) RNAPII
C) RNAPIII
D) RNAPIV

Question 6

Match the event with the transcription stage in which it occurs.

-TBP binds to DNA

A) initiation in eukaryotes
B) initiation in bacteria
C) elongation
D) termination

Question 7

Match the event with the transcription stage in which it occurs.

-Sigma recruits RNA polymerase

A) initiation in eukaryotes
B) initiation in bacteria
C) elongation
D) termination

Question 8

Match the event with the transcription stage in which it occurs.

-RNA polymerase pauses

A) initiation in eukaryotes
B) initiation in bacteria
C) elongation
D) termination

Question 9

Match the event with the transcription stage in which it occurs.

-Hairpin structure blocks RNA polymerase

A) initiation in eukaryotes
B) initiation in bacteria
C) elongation
D) termination

Question 10

Which of the following are components of the preinitiation complex? Please select all that apply.

A) General transcription factors
B) RNA polymerase
C) Initiator elements
D) Exons
E) TFIID

Question 11

What is the function of the TATA box?

A) The TATA box is a signal for transcription termination
B) The TATA box binds TFIID
C) The TATA box binds to Mediator
D) TATA directs the spliceosome to the correct splice sites

Question 12

Genes with a long 5' UTR are often subject to more extensive transcriptional regulation than genes with a short 5'UTR.

Question 13

Different sigma subunits bind to different promoters in bacteria and play a role in regulation, but TFIID in eukaryotes binds to the promoters of all protein coding-genes.

Question 14

Which of the following are involved in controlling transcription specificity in eukaryotes? Please select all that apply.

A) TBP
B) General transcription factors
C) Master regulators
D) Effectors
E) RNA polymerase

Question 15

Fill in the blank. A ______ sequence is the most common binding sequence for a particular transcription factor

Question 16

Which of the following statements about transcription factors are false? Please select all that apply.

A) Each transcription factor is specific to one gene
B) A transcription factor binds to all instances of its recognition sequence
C) Each gene is controlled by multiple transcription factors
D) Binding sites are not known for all human transcription factors.

Question 17

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Transcription factors cluster together at the [A], which integrates inputs from multiple transcription factors. Binding sites that are involved in activating gene expression are [B]. Binding sites are [C] and transcription factors are [D]. Components of a gene are [E] and can be exchanged.

Question 18

What is a reporter gene?

A) A gene that is regulated by a reporter sequence
B) A gene that encodes a reporter enhancer
C) A regulatory sequence that controls a fluorescent protein or other visual marker
D) A gene that is used to investigate promoter activity

Question 19

Base changes in which of the following can have evolutionary consequences? Please select all that apply.

A) Non-coding RNA
B) mRNA
C) Promoter sequence
D) Protein-coding gene
E) CRM

Question 20

What are Hox proteins examples of?

A) Bacterial transcription terminators
B) Subunits of RNA polymerase
C) RNA-binding proteins
D) Master regulator genes

Question 21

Which of the following are components of transcription factors? Please select all that apply.

A) RNA binding domain
B) DNA binding domain
C) Activation domain
D) Regulatory sequence
E) Zinc finger

Question 22

If binding of one transcription factor increases the likelihood that another transcription factor will bind, this is termed _____ binding

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of histone modifications?

A) Modifications are on the N-terminal histone tail
B) Modifications often occur on lysine residues
C) Methylation is usually associated with chromatin that is closed to transcription
D) Serine residues can be phosphorylated

Question 24

Epigenetic changes are heritable

Question 25

What is the role of the Mediator complex?

A) To increase the chromatin packing density
B) To add epigenetic modifications to histones
C) To interact between transcription factors and RNA polymerase
D) To bend DNA so the CRM can access the promoter

Question 26

Which of the following are true about transcription elongation? Please select all that apply.

A) Multiple genes can be co-transcribed
B) Multiple RNA polymerase molecules can act on a gene at the same time.
C) Transcripts are usually proofread
D) Bacterial elongation is sigma-dependent

Question 27

Match the missing words in the following phrase: In rho-[A] termination, a [B] binds to a [C] rich region of the transcript and unwinds the RNA from the DNA. In rho-[D] termination, a [E] rich region of the transcript makes a [F], which blocks polymerase from carrying out further transcription.

Question 28

Which of the following is not one of the modifications that can occur during the transition from a precursor mRNA to a mature RNA?

A) 3' polyadenylation
B) Removal of introns
C) Addition of a 5' guanine cap
D) Removal of sigma from the 5' end

Question 29

Which of the following statements about splicing are true? Please select all that apply.

A) Alternative splicing is rare in mammals
B) Introns in bacteria are smaller than in eukaryotes
C) The spliceosome uses base complementarity to recognize the splice site.
D) Splicing rearranges exons and the amino acid sequence cannot therefore be predicted from the gene sequence.
E) Alternative splicing allows multiple mature mRNAs to be produced from the same gene.

Question 30

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Carries information for amino acid sequence

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 31

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 32

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Protein synthesis

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 33

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Chromosome inactivation

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 34

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Splicing

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 35

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Negative regulation

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 36

Match the type of RNA with its function

-Regulation of cellular processes

A) Carries information for amino acid sequence
B) Interprets nucleic acid information into amino acid information
C) Protein synthesis
D) Chromosome inactivation
E) Splicing
F) Negative regulation
G) Regulation of cellular processes

Question 37

Match the missing words in the following phrase. RNA interference is a laboratory technique that exploits the [A] molecular machinery. In RNA interference, a [B] molecule is introduced into the cell. This is cleaved by [C] and processed into [D]. This can then become incorporated into the [E] complex and used as a guide to target the destruction of complementary [F].