Deck 2: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is not a component of DNA?

A) Ribose
B) Deoxyribose
C) Nucleotide bases
D) Phosphate

Answer 1

Ribose

Question 2

DNA is polar, with the 5' end referring to a carbon atom on a deoxyribose subunit that is attached to a hydroxyl group.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. Which of the following statements regarding the bases is correct?

A) Adenine is a pyrimidine and pairs with cytosine in the DNA double helix.
B) Cytosine has a single ring structure and pairs with guanine in the DNA double helix.
C) Thymine is a purine and pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix.
D) Guanine has a double ring structure and pairs with thymine in the DNA double helix.

Answer 3

Cytosine has a single ring structure and pairs with guanine in the DNA double helix.

Question 4

Rank the DNA sequences according to the order in which they would denature as temperature is increased. i.e., the sequence that would be denatured at the lowest temperature would be ranked 1. For simplicity, only a single strand of each double helix is shown.

-AGTCGATCGTTTGC

A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 1

Question 5

Rank the DNA sequences according to the order in which they would denature as temperature is increased. i.e., the sequence that would be denatured at the lowest temperature would be ranked 1. For simplicity, only a single strand of each double helix is shown.

-CCGTCGTAATCGGG

A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 1

Question 6

Rank the DNA sequences according to the order in which they would denature as temperature is increased. i.e., the sequence that would be denatured at the lowest temperature would be ranked 1. For simplicity, only a single strand of each double helix is shown.

-GACTGCATGCTTCG

A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 1

Question 7

Rank the DNA sequences according to the order in which they would denature as temperature is increased. i.e., the sequence that would be denatured at the lowest temperature would be ranked 1. For simplicity, only a single strand of each double helix is shown.

-TTTGCTGTAACTGA

A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 1

Question 8

Which of the DNA sequences is complementary to 5' CGTAAGTA 3'

A) 5' TACTTACG 3'
B) 5' GCATTCAT 3'
C) 5' ATGAATGC 3'
D) 5' CGTAAGTA 3'

Question 9

Which of the following processes depends on complementary base pairing?

A) Protein translation
B) RNA transcription
C) Hybridization
D) All of the options given are correct
E) g., a full genome. Complementary interactions between the probe and the target sequence allow biologists to find the sequence of interest.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about proteins and polypeptides is true?

A) All of the options given are correct
B) Proteins are comprised of polypeptides
C) Polypeptides are produced by transcription whereas proteins are produced by translation.
D) Proteins are the building blocks of polypeptides.

Question 11

Select one factor that contributes to the higher stability of DNA compared to RNA

A) DNA has one hydroxyl group
B) DNA is single-stranded
C) Ribonucleases degrade DNA
D) DNA contains guanine

Question 12

Match the missing words in the following phrase. The central [A] refers to the process by which DNA is [B] into [C], which is then [D] into a polypeptide.

Question 13

What is cDNA?

A) A DNA copy of an RNA molecule
B) A DNA molecule used for translation
C) A DNA molecule that has been spliced
D) An RNA molecule with cytosine instead of uracil

Question 14

DNA contains thymine where RNA contains uracil. What are some of the evolutionary advantages for DNA having thymine rather than uracil? Please select all that apply.

A) Thymine is more limited in its base-pairing than uracil
B) Cytosine can be readily converted to thymine
C) Uracil is recognized by DNA repair systems
D) Thymine base-pairs using three hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is the transcriptional profile of a cell?

A) The set of transcripts produced by a cell under particular circumstances.
B) The complete set of transcripts it is possible for a cell to produce.
C) The amount of one transcript produced over the whole of a cell's life.
D) The cellular conditions needed to induce transcription.
E) g., at a particular time in its life cycle or when exposed to specific nutritional conditions.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about RNA are true? Please select all that apply.

A) RNA has the same sequence as the coding DNA strand
B) RNA has the complementary sequence to the sense DNA strand
C) RNA has the same sequence as the template DNA strand
D) RNA has the complementary sequence to the antisense DNA strand

Question 17

A greater proportion of the human genome than bacterial genomes is transcribed.

Question 18

Which of the following factors influence the final shape of a polypeptide?

A) The amino acid sequence
B) The gene sequence
C) The mRNA sequence
D) All of the options given are correct

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics are true of all amino acids? Please select all that apply.

A) They are polar
B) They are hydrophobic
C) They contain sulfur
D) They contain nitrogen

Question 20

Which of the following RNA molecules is not involved in translation?

A) micro RNA
B) ribosomal RNA
C) messenger RNA
D) transfer RNA

Question 21

The three-letter [A] on [B] is recognized by [C] during [D].

Question 22

How many reading frames does the following mRNA contain?
5' AGTCGTGATCAGTCA 3'

A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 6

Question 23

Put the following RNA molecules in order of size, from largest to smallest (where largest = 1 and smallest = 3)

-mRNA

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3

Question 24

Put the following RNA molecules in order of size, from largest to smallest (where largest = 1 and smallest = 3)

-long noncoding RNA

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3

Question 25

Put the following RNA molecules in order of size, from largest to smallest (where largest = 1 and smallest = 3)

-microRNA

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3

Question 26

At which of the following stages does regulation of gene expression not occur?

A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Splicing

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true?

A) An open reading frame is a length of DNA sequence containing multiple start and stop codons
B) The coding region is removed from mRNA before translation
C) Open reading frames carry the same information as introns
D) Introns are removed from mRNA during splicing

Question 28

Which of the following transcription elements is a protein?

A) Transcription factor
B) Transcriptional start site
C) Coding region
D) Core promoter

Question 29

Which of the following techniques would be appropriate for determining the transcription profile of a cell? Please select all that apply.

A) Microarray analysis
B) RNA-seq
C) Electrophoresis
D) Translation

Question 30

Which of the following happens during electrophoresis?

A) DNA moves away from the negative pole because of the positive charge on deoxyribose.
B) DNA moves towards the positive pole because of the negative charge on phosphate.
C) DNA moves away from the positive pole because of the negative charge on phosphate.
D) DNA moves towards the negative pole because of the positive charge on deoxyribose.