Deck 7: Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation

Question 1

Memories outlast the molecules that support the initial synaptic changes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Crick, even though memory molecules decay they can be replaced one at a time so that the existing structure can survive.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Interfering with a memory maintenance molecule 24 hours after the memory is formed should have no effect on the ability to retrieve the memory.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

CaMKII does not have self-perpetuating properties.

Question 5

Even though CaMKII has self-perpetuating properties, this kinase does not appear to be a memory maintenance molecule.

Question 6

A combination of many molecules is required to translate of PKMζ.

Question 7

Potentiated synapses endure because there is no pressure to return to their basal unpotentiated state.

Question 8

PKMζ is perpetually active and it self-perpetuates.

Question 9

ZIP application prior to induction will prevent late-phase LTP but not initial LTP expression.

Question 10

PKMζ lacks an inhibitory unit, so it is always inactive.

Question 11

PKMζ lacks an inhibitory unit, so it is always active.

Question 12

ZIP is used to inactivate PKMζ.

Question 13

PKMζ is the only "memory maintenance" molecule.

Question 14

The fact that ZIP is nonselective in eliminated LTP suggests that there may be more than one maintenance kinase.

Question 15

A crucial experiment by Sacktor's group (Tsokas et al., 2016) revealed that antisense to PKMζ erased LTP in both the wildtype and the PKCι/λ mutant mouse.

Question 16

What two forces operate to return synapses to their basal unpotentiated state?

Question 17

What is the molecular turnover problem?

Question 18

What was Crick's solution to the molecular turnover problem?

Question 19

What was Mary Kennedy's view of "memory maintenance molecules"?

Question 20

How is PKMζ different from PKC?

Question 21

Name the molecules necessary for the initial translation of PKMζ.

Question 22

Where is PKMζ mRNA found and translated?

Question 23

Explain how PKMζ self-perpetuates.

Question 24

What is ZIP's function?

Question 25

Does ZIP applied two- or five-hours following induction have any effects on LTP expression?

Question 26

At the synaptic level, how does ZIP reverse LTP maintenance?

Question 27

Describe the two general ways in which PKMζ maintains potentiation.

Question 28

Use the following words to describe the endocytosis of GluA2 receptors in a few sentences: Trk, GluA2, endocytic zone, PSD, activation, NSF-PICK1 complex.

Question 29

Where is PKM? translated?

Question 30

If the gene for PKMζ is deleted LTP will not be maintained.

Question 31

John Lisman's candidate maintenance kinase was _______.

Question 32

PKMζ maintains memories by interfering with endocytic removal of _______.

Question 33

_______ is a polypeptide used to inhibit PKMζ function.

Question 34

PKMζ differs from most kinases because it has no _______ domain.

Question 35

If ZIP is applied to the slice five hours after LTP is induced it will _______ LTP.

Question 36

If PKMζ is directly apply to a slice, it will _______ synapses.

Question 37

The kinase PKCι/λ can _______ LTP in the absence of PKMζ.

Question 38

An expanded _______ is critical to memory maintenance,

Question 39

Kinases such as PKC require a _______ to become active.

Question 40

PKMζ mRNA is prevented from translation by a translator _______ protein.

Question 41

The general function(s) of PKMζ include(s) _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) allowing endocytosis of AMPA receptors
B) clustering of PSD-95
C) inhibiting GluA2 endocytosis
D) releasing pools of GluA2s
E) None of the above

Question 42

Which statement(s) about PKMζ is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

A) It can traffic AMPA receptors into the PSD and stay in a perpetually active state.
B) It can phosphorylate other proteins.
C) It has an inhibitory binding site.
D) It can be synthesized in one synapse and captured in another.
E) None of the above

Question 43

Which statement(s) is/are false? (Select all that apply.)

A) ZIP is to PKMζ as the catalytic unit is to PKC.
B) PKMζ and PKC are activated by second messengers.
C) ZIP prevents late stage LTP but not initial induction.
D) ZIP prevents GluA2 AMPA receptors from being trafficked into the PSD.
E) None of the above

Question 44

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

A) The molecules that produce a memory outlast the memory.
B) Memories outlast the molecules that produce them.
C) There is no one memory molecule.
D) Memory molecules have the property of self-perpetuation.
E) None of the above

Question 45

Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) PKMζ? (Select all that apply.)

A) It lacks a regulatory unit.
B) It is translated locally.
C) It is a second messenger.
D) It is a protein.
E) It is a kinase.

Question 46

Inhibiting PKMζ prevents LTP maintenance because it interferes with_______. (Select all that apply.)

A) NMDA receptor function
B) the endocytic removal of AMPA from the PSD
C) the release of GluA2 receptors into the synapse
D) PSD-95 clustering in the postsynaptic density
E) None of the above

Question 47

PKMζ supports LTP maintenance because it _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) contributes to the release of pools of GluA2 receptors
B) contributes to the trafficking of PSD-95 into the postsynaptic density
C) activates the UPS.
D) interferes with the endocytic removal of AMPA receptors from the PSD
E) None of the above

Question 48

Genomic signaling processes can contribute to memory maintenance because _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) endocytic processes will remove GluA2
B) proteins including PKMζ never degrade and will need to be replaced
C) spine dynamics require new protein
D) PSD-95 molecule clustering depends directly on new genes.
E) None of the above.

Question 49

An enlarged spine supports LTP maintenance because _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) it attracts synaptic proteins
B) spine size contributes to the selective distribution of synaptic proteins to stimulated spines
C) large spines attract microtubules that deliver mRNA to where it is needed
D) proteins do not degrade in enlarged spines
E) None of the above.