Deck 3: Generating Long-Term Potentiation

Question 1

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Glutamate receptors involved in LTP are found along the axon.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Calcium is a second messenger.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Second messengers can be quickly synthesized.

Question 5

Phosphatases add phosphates to other proteins.

Question 6

Ionotropic receptors protrude outside and inside the cell.

Question 7

Competitive antagonists, such as APV, can replace a ligand and cause conformational changes in the receptor.

Question 8

AMPA receptors influx mainly Na⁺; NMDA receptors influx both Na⁺ and Ca²⁺.

Question 9

The opening of NMDA receptor channels require synaptic depolarization.

Question 10

Antagonizing NMDA receptor after LTP is established prevents LTP expression.

Question 11

Constitutive AMPA receptor trafficking is primarily a diffusion process.

Question 12

Stargazin is critical to the opening of the AMPA receptor.

Question 13

Stargazin is critical to the trapping of AMPA receptors in the PSD.

Question 14

PSD-95 is critical to the trapping of AMPA receptors in the PSD.

Question 15

The delivery of AMPA receptors produced by LTP induction involves both lateral diffusion and the exocytic processes.

Question 16

CaMKII is important in the delivery of AMPA receptors to the PSD because it phosphorylates stargazin.

Question 17

The degradation of the actin cytoskeleton depends on spectrins degrading calpains.

Question 18

NMDA receptors but not AMPA receptors influx calcium.

Question 19

What is an excitatory synapse?

Question 20

What is APV, and what is its function?

Question 21

What were Collingridge's results that established the importance of NMDA receptors to our understanding of LTP?

Question 22

What are the two conditions that must be met for Ca²⁺ ions to flow into the neuron?

Question 23

Why would an increase in the population of AMPA receptors increase the fEPSP?

Question 24

Why is the NMDA receptor an ionotropic glutamate receptor?

Question 25

What is the role of calpain in the generation of LTP?

Question 26

Why should inhibiting NMDA receptors prevent the degradation of the actin cytoskeleton?

Question 27

Why should inhibiting AMPA receptors prevent the generation of LTP?

Question 28

Why should inhibiting AMPA receptors prevent the expression of LTP?

Question 29

Glutamate is a(n) _______ neurotransmitter.

Question 30

NMDA receptors are necessary for the _______ of LTP, but not for the _______ of LTP.

Question 31

A major mechanism for the expression of LTP involves increasing the number of _______ receptors in the membrane at synapses.

Question 32

AMPA trafficking is regulated _______ and by _______.

Question 33

The molecule _______ traps AMPA receptors in the PSD.

Question 34

You could block the expression of LTP by inhibiting _______ receptors.

Question 35

Which is/are shared by NMDA and AMPA receptors? (Select all that apply.)

A) Neither bind to glutamate.
B) Both have a magnesia binding site.
C) Both require depolarizing in order to open the channel.
D) Both are voltage gated.
E) None of the above.

Question 36

Which term(s) applies/apply to glutamate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Neurotransmitter
B) First messenger
C) Ligand
D) Receptor
E) None of the above.

Question 37

Which statement(s) about LTP is/are false? (Select all that apply.)

A) NMDA and AMPA receptors are required for the induction of LTP.
B) CNQX can inhibit induction, but not expression, of LTP.
C) APV can inhibit induction, but not expression, of LTP.
D) To express LTP, NMDA and AMPA channels are crucial.
E) None of the above

Question 38

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

A) Calcium influx is necessary to induce LTP.
B) AMPA receptors are necessary to induce LTP but not necessary for the expression of LTP.
C) NMDA receptors are not necessary for the expression of LTP.
D) NMDA receptors requires only the binding of glutamate to open their channel.
E) The opening of NMDA receptors is voltage dependent.

Question 39

Which event(s) is/are necessary for the lateral diffusion of AMPA receptors into the PSD? (Select all that apply.)

A) CaMKII must phosphorylate NMDA receptors.
B) CaMKII must phosphorylate PSD95.
C) Calcium must enter the spine.
D) CaMKII must phosphorylate Stargazin.
E) None of the above

Question 40

Which step(s) is/are required to degrade the actin cytoskeleton? (Select all that apply.)

A) Calcium must activate calpain.
B) Calpain must activate NMDA receptors.
C) Spectrin must degrade AMPA receptors.
D) Calpain must degrade spectrin.
E) AMPA receptors must be rapidly inserted into the PSD.