Deck 1: Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Question 1

Nonsense syllables always have hidden meaning.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Ebbinghaus retention curve remains stable for one hour.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Learning and Memory are theoretical concepts.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Korsakoff's syndrome can best be described as severe retrograde amnesia.

Question 5

Camillo Golgi would agree with the neuron doctrine.

Question 6

William James was the first person to directly relate memory phenomena to specific brain regions.

Question 7

Learning and memory can never be directly observed.

Question 8

What is the purpose of nonsense syllables?

Question 9

Briefly, what is Ribot's Law?

Question 10

What do the concepts of learning and memory explain?

Question 11

What is a nonsense syllable?

Question 12

What is the order of memory loss, according to Ribot?

Question 13

Korsakoff believed that amnesia could result from what kinds of failure?

Question 14

Compare the single trace theory to the dual trace theory of forgetting curves.

Question 15

What did the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve reveal?

Question 16

What term describes the idea that synapses can be modified by experience?

Question 17

Why is the psychological approach described as operating at a single level of analysis?

Question 18

What important insight was implied by Ribot's hypothesis that memories dissolve in stages?

Question 19

Why are learning and memory theoretical concepts?

Question 20

Hermann Ebbinghaus invented _______ as a tool to study "pure memory."

Question 21

_______ reported the first forgetting curve.

Question 22

According to the neuron doctrine, neurons are _______.

Question 23

The property of the brain that allows it to be modified by experience is _______.

Question 24

William James proposed that memories are established in three stages. Which of the following is the correct order? (Select all that apply.)

A) Perceived experience $\rightarrow$ primary memory $\rightarrow$ secondary memory
B) After image $\rightarrow$ primary memory $\rightarrow$ consolidated memory
C) Perceived experience $\rightarrow$ recollection $\rightarrow$ secondary memory
D) After image $\rightarrow$ primary memory $\rightarrow$ secondary memory
E) None of the above.

Question 25

Hermann Ebbinghaus invented nonsense syllables to _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) accurately record how many syllables people remember.
B) prove that people remember meaningful syllables better.
C) study the unconscious learning that goes on.
D) study "pure memory."
E) None of the above.

Question 26

Which idea(s) was/were proposed by Ribot? (Select all that apply.)

A) the memory trace evolves in three stages
B) amnesia can be due to either a retrieval or storage failure
C) old memories are more resistant to disruption than new memories
D) the junction between the axon and dendrite is called the synapse
E) None of the above.

Question 27

Camillo Golgi developed a method that allowed _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) the whole brain to be imaged
B) neurons to be visualized
C) action potentials to be recorded
D) memories to be measured
E) None of the above

Question 28

Which principle(s) is/are parts of the neuron doctrine? (Select all that apply.)

A) neurons are contiguous with each other, but not continuous.
B) neurons are continuous with each other, but not contiguous.
C) the junction between the axon and dendrite is the synapse.
D) the junction between the dendrite and a blood vessel is the synapse.
E) None of the above

Question 29

Which phenomenon/phenomena did Ebbinghaus observe? (Select all that apply.)

A) Performance on memory experiments was not affected by practice.
B) Spaced repetition was more effective than massed repetition.
C) Recall rapidly declined over the first hour following training.
D) Recall continued to decline after an hour but at a faster rate.
E) Recall declined slowly at first but accelerated after an hour.

Question 30

Which response(s) describe(s) how psychological and neurobiological approaches differ? (Select all that apply.)

A) Psychologists do not use experimental methods.
B) Neurobiologists do not use experimental methods.
C) Psychologists only study behavior.
D) Neurobiologists manipulate the brain.
E) None of the above