Deck 2: State and Nation in Colonial Latin America

Question 1

The state is defined as:

A)the institutional arrangements of a country that define how politics is organized
B)a large group of people who are bound by a common culture
C)a political unit that monopolizes the legitimate use of force over a relatively stationary territory and people
D)a group of people that holds ultimate authority to act on behalf of the state

Answer 1

a political unit that monopolizes the legitimate use of force over a relatively stationary territory and people

Question 2

Government is defined as:

A)the institutional arrangements of a country that define how politics is organized
B)a large group of people who are bound by a common culture
C)a political unit that monopolizes the legitimate use of force over a relatively stationary territory and people
D)a group of people that holds ultimate authority to act on behalf of the state

Answer 2

a group of people that holds ultimate authority to act on behalf of the state

Question 3

Regime is defined as:

A)the institutional arrangements of a country that define how politics is organized
B)a large group of people who are bound by a common culture
C)a political unit that monopolizes the legitimate use of force over a relatively stationary territory and people
D)a group of people that holds ultimate authority to act on behalf of the state

Answer 3

the institutional arrangements of a country that define how politics is organized

Question 4

Nation is defined as:

A)the institutional arrangements of a country that define how politics is organized
B)a large group of people who are bound by a common culture
C)a political unit that monopolizes the legitimate use of force over a relatively stationary territory and people
D)a group of people that holds ultimate authority to act on behalf of the state

Question 5

A state is primarily defined by what measure?

A)freedom
B)culture
C)order
D)competition

Question 6

Which region of Latin America proved most suitable for large civilizations?

A)the tropical lowlands
B)the coastal regions
C)the Caribbean Islands
D)the highlands

Question 7

Which empire was located along the Andes Mountain range?

A)the Olmecs
B)the Incas
C)the Mayans
D)the Chavin

Question 8

Which region was most populated at the time of conquest?

A)North America
B)Mexico
C)Central America
D)Lowland South America

Question 9

The Spanish first arrived and settled in which contemporary country?

A)Costa Rica
B)Dominican Republic
C)Mexico
D)Venezuela

Question 10

Today, most Latin Americans identify with which ethnic grouping?

A)mulattos
B)mestizos
C)indigenous
D)peninsulares

Question 11

In contemporary Latin America, which country has the largest indigenous population?

A)Argentina
B)Brazil
C)Bolivia
D)Chile

Question 12

Which two countries stood at the center of Spain's colonial empire in Latin America?

A)Brazil and Chile
B)Mexico and Peru
C)Mexico and Argentina
D)Peru and Argentina

Question 13

Mercantilism had the most devastating effect on which economic sector?

A)the agricultural sector
B)the services sector
C)the raw materials sector
D)the manufacturing sector

Question 14

Which of the following accurately describes the Bourbon Reforms?

A)The reforms advantaged the criollos.
B)The reforms centralized authority.
C)The reforms granted the Church greater authority over economic matters.
D)The reforms created a boom in manufacturing.

Question 15

Which independence hero(es) led the fight from Argentina, through Chile, and into Peru?

A)José de San Martin
B)Francisco de Miranda
C)Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos
D)Simón Bolívar

Question 16

Which independence hero(es) showed the strongest support for indigenous rights?

A)José de San Martin
B)Francisco de Miranda
C)Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos
D)Simón Bolívar

Question 17

Early economic activity in Brazil centered on which product?

A)bananas
B)gold and silver
C)sugar
D)cocoa

Question 18

Individuals holding which colonial position developed the most rebellious relationship with the Spanish crown?

A)oidores
B)viceroys
C)intendants
D)corregidores

Question 19

Many of the early colonial institutions created by the Spanish crown were designed to:

A)ensure the enslavement of the indigenous
B)block the rise of a new nobility in the Americas
C)replicate the feudal relations seen in Europe
D)promote industrialization

Question 20

According to the theory of mercantilism, economic growth occurs through:

A)the accumulation of wealth by the state
B)trade among nations
C)private investment
D)large private holdings in agriculture and mining

Question 21

The Spanish crown placed a priority on what value as it designed institutions?

A)economic efficiency
B)domination
C)preventing the rise of a rival
D)local control

Question 22

On a day-to-day basis, power in the colonies largely rested in the hands of the:

A)audiencia
B)corregidor
C)viceroy
D)encomendero

Question 23

Which group played the most pivotal role in the move toward independence?

A)peninsulares
B)mestizos
C)indigenous
D)criollos

Question 24

What event in European history most significantly affected the path to independence in Latin America?

A)the French Revolution
B)the Reformation
C)the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia
D)the unification of Germany

Question 25

Which of the following was similar in both the political development of the United States and political development in Latin America?

A)cultural values
B)the size of indigenous settlements
C)the repression of ethnic minorities
D)the dispersion of economic power

Question 26

Nations can create states, but states cannot create nations.

Question 27

Democracy is a characteristic of the state.

Question 28

An institutional approach to politics focuses on the regime level.

Question 29

Much of the Americas was pristine land, untouched by humans, before the Spanish Conquest.

Question 30

The Portuguese crown had a much closer and agreeable relationship with its colonial subjects than the Spanish crown had with its colonial subjects.

Question 31

The Spanish crown closely supervised the creation and development of haciendas.

Question 32

During the colonial period, the religious orders maintained a cooperative relationship with the monarchy.

Question 33

The patronato real gave the Spanish monarchy control over Church activities in the colonies.

Question 34

By the time of independence in Spanish America, most colonial subjects saw more in common with the military than with the government.

Question 35

The Tupac Amaru II rebellion inspired criollos to embrace independence.

Question 36

Spanish conquistadores did not settle in North America because they failed to explore the region.

Question 37

Rebellious colonists in Latin America succeeded in their bid for independence only after they unified under liberal ideals.

Question 38

The liberal ideas of the French Revolution unified the independence leaders of Latin America.

Question 39

The cabildo in colonial Latin America provided practice for national assemblies after independence.

Question 40

Discuss the impact of geography on human settlements and political development in Latin America.

Question 41

Describe the relationship between Spain and the Catholic Church in colonial Latin America. How did it affect colonization?

Question 42

Describe how the role of armed forces grew under colonialism and influenced its development.

Question 43

How and why did the Spanish compromise economic efficiency during the colonial
period?

Question 44

Explain how the political authority of the Spanish crown diminished over time.