Deck 7: Autism

Question 1

Individuals with autism exhibit: (1) impairment in social behavior and relatedness to others; (2) impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication; (3) narrowing of interests coupled with resistance to change. These features are known as:

A)ICD 10
B)Cardinal features
C)DSM IV
D)The triad of impairments
E)The primary deficits

Answer 1

The triad of impairments

Question 2

Autism is diagnosed according to the presence of:

A)A constellation of characteristically abnormal behaviors
B)A genetic marker
C)Chromosomal abnormality
D)An extended phenotype
E)An analysis of DNA carried out after about 3 months of pregnancy

Answer 2

A constellation of characteristically abnormal behaviors

Question 3

Most children diagnosed with autism have:

A)Savant abilities
B)Brothers and sisters with the disorder
C)A "refrigerator mother"
D)A high IQ
E)Associated learning disabilities

Answer 3

Associated learning disabilities

Question 4

Autism is thought to have a(an) ______ basis.

A)Organic
B)Purely psychological
C)Sociological
D)Largely environmental
E)Purely genetic

Question 5

Asperger's syndrome is a form of autism in which diagnosed individuals have:

A)An affinity with computers
B)A high IQ
C)Savant abilities
D)No significant delay in language development
E)Received a diagnosis during adulthood

Question 6

People with autism are likely to have had the disorder from the:

A)Outset
B)Age of about 3 years
C)Age of about 4 years
D)Age of about 7 years
E)Age of about 11 years

Question 7

The recent increase in the rate of diagnosis of autism coincides with:

A)A deterioration in the quality of diagnostic training that clinicians receive
B)An increase in the uptake of the MMR vaccine
C)An increase in the prevalence of children's illnesses associated with the digestive system
D)The use of a radically new system of diagnosis that is vulnerable to false positives
E)A decrease in diagnosing general learning disabilities

Question 8

There are more boys than girls diagnosed with autism, and the ratio is approximately:

A)One in a hundred
B)4 : 1
C)16 : 1
D)25 : 1
E)30 : 1

Question 9

Autism was discovered by:

A)Frith
B)Kanner
C)Asperger
D)Kanner and Asperger working together
E)Kanner and Asperger working independently

Question 10

Individuals with autism typically have ______ interests.

A)Unhealthy
B)Broad
C)Narrow
D)Popular
E)Financial

Question 11

The difficulty that children with autism have acknowledging false belief lends support to the ______ hypothesis.

A)Enhanced perceptual functioning
B)Executive dysfunction
C)Weak central coherence
D)Theory of mind
E)Attentional deficit

Question 12

Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith (1985) developed a simplified test of false belief known as the ______ task.

A)Deceptive box
B)Sally-Ann
C)Maxi
D)TOMM
E)Deceptive pointing

Question 13

What percentage of children with autism passed the test of false belief in Baron-Cohen et al.'s (1985) study?

A)0
B)10
C)20
D)50
E)80

Question 14

What is the relationship between passing a test of false belief and verbal mental age in children with autism?

A)Negative
B)Positive
C)Unrelated
D)Futile
E)Uninformative

Question 15

Most children with autism have:

A)Savant abilities
B)Difficulty with pretence and make believe
C)Exceptional memory
D)Lots of friends
E)Poor visuospatial ability

Question 16

Would it be true to say that difficulty acknowledging false belief is universal in autism?

A)No, some children with visual impairment have difficulty acknowledging false belief
B)Yes
C)No, some children with hearing impairment have difficulty acknowledging false belief
D)Yes, so long as the diagnosis of autism is accurate
E)No, some children with autism reliably pass the test

Question 17

Would it be true to say that difficulty acknowledging false belief is specific to autism?

A)No, some children with hearing impairment have difficulty acknowledging false belief
B)Yes
C)No, some children with autism reliably pass the test
D)Yes, so long as the diagnosis of autism is accurate
E)No, children with autism also present with symptoms of executive dysfunction

Question 18

What is the "Wisconsin Card Sort Test"?

A)A children's memory game
B)A party trick
C)A test of inflexibility of thought
D)A tool for diagnosing autism
E)A picture task designed to help children understand the geography of the city of Wisconsin

Question 19

What is the "windows task"?

A)A test of false belief
B)A tool for diagnosing autism
C)A test of inhibition
D)Drawing scenes on windows with a felt-tip pen that has washable ink
E)Cleaning the windows in the classroom

Question 20

Which word best characterizes the performance of children with autism on the windows task?

A)Inattentive
B)Sloppy
C)Disorganized
D)Perseveration
E)Cheerful

Question 21

The embedded figures test is used as a measure for:

A)Executive dysfunction
B)Theory of mind
C)Weak central coherence
D)Inflexibility of thought
E)Social sensitivity

Question 22

Ropar and Mitchell (2001) presented a picture of a banana colored blue and found that children with autism responded by:

A)Saying they were hungry
B)Pointing to a blue color sample
C)Becoming anxious
D)Laughing
E)Pointing to a yellow color sample

Question 23

One of the distinctive claims made by the theory of weak central coherence is that children with autism:

A)Are less vulnerable to "capture by meaning" than individuals who do not have autism
B)Have an impaired theory of mind
C)Have inflexibility of thought
D)Have difficulty with inhibition
E)Have impaired abilities in communication

Question 24

Children with autism tend to perform ______ on an embedded figures task.

A)badly
B)well
C)slowly
D)inaccurately
E)carelessly

Question 25

The Wisconsin Card Sort Test is most likely to reveal distinctive performance in people with:

A)A severed corpus callosum
B)Damage to the parietal lobe of the brain
C)Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain
D)Damage to the frontal lobes of the brain
E)Hearing loss