Question 1

Which of the following describes one of the mechanisms proposed to explain the blood pressure lowering effect of acute exercise?&#10;A) Reduction in endothelial-dependent vasodilation&#10;B) Reduction in cardiac output&#10;C) Reduction in sympathetic nerve activity&#10;D) Arterial remodelling resulting in increased arterial size

Accepted Answer

The reduction in sympathetic nerve activity is one of the mechanisms proposed to explain the blood pressure lowering effect of acute exercise. This is because exercise activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system that can lead to increased blood pressure.

Question 2

Which of the following plays a central role in explaining the chronic exercise-induced improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation?&#10;A) Nitric oxide&#10;B) Acetylcholine&#10;C) Histamine&#10;D) Adenosine

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide plays a central role in explaining the chronic exercise-induced improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Regular exercise can increase the production and availability of nitric oxide, improving blood flow and overall cardiovascular health. Acetylcholine, histamine, and adenosine may also play a role in endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but they are not as central to the chronic exercise-induced improvement.

Question 3

Which of the following is unlikely to be a mechanism by which acute exercise promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle that is insulin resistant?&#10;A) Increased glucose concentration gradient between the blood and muscle cell membrane&#10;B) Up-regulation of the insulin receptor on the cell membrane&#10;C) Increased muscle blood flow&#10;D) Stimulation of GLUT-4 translocation to the cell membrane

Accepted Answer

Acute exercise promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle through mechanisms that bypass the need for insulin, such as increased glucose concentration gradient, increased muscle blood flow, and stimulation of GLUT-4 translocation. However, up-regulation of the insulin receptor on the cell membrane is unlikely to be a mechanism for acute exercise-induced glucose uptake, as this would still require insulin to be present for glucose uptake to occur.

Question 4

In the analysis by Mora et al. (2007), what proportion of the inverse association between physical activity and risk of incident CVD could not be explained by the measured CVD risk factors?&#10;A) 91%&#10;B) 11%&#10;C) 61%&#10;D) 41%

Accepted Answer

Mora et al. (2007) found that 41% of the inverse association between physical activity and risk of incident CVD could not be explained by the measured CVD risk factors.

Question 5

What is the BMI classification for an individual with a BMI of 31.8 kg m⁻²? A) Normal B) Overweight C) Obesity class I D) Obesity class II

Accepted Answer

BMI of 31.8 kg/m2 falls in the range of obesity class I (30.0-34.9 kg/m2).

Question 6

Which of the following is not a site of ectopic fat storage?&#10;A) Skeletal muscle&#10;B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue&#10;C) Pancreas&#10;D) Liver

Accepted Answer

Ectopic fat refers to the storage of fat in locations other than adipose tissue. Skeletal muscle, pancreas, and liver are all common sites of ectopic fat storage. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, on the other hand, is not considered ectopic fat as it is the normal location for adipose tissue storage.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?&#10;A) Heavier individuals expend more energy than light individuals when performing the same weight-bearing activity&#10;B) High levels of physical activity are associated with lower weight gain over time&#10;C) Exercise alone can be an effective therapy for obesity&#10;D) Resting metabolic rate is lower in individuals with obesity than individuals who are lean

Accepted Answer

Resting metabolic rate is typically higher in individuals with obesity due to the increased energy required to maintain a larger body mass.

Question 8

Which of the following factors appears most important for exercise to induce weight loss?&#10;A) Exercise volume&#10;B) Exercise intensity&#10;C) Exercise modality&#10;D) Exercise frequency

Accepted Answer

Exercise volume, which refers to the total amount of exercise performed, is considered the most important factor for inducing weight loss. This encompasses both the duration and frequency of exercise sessions. Higher exercise volume can lead to greater energy expenditure, which is crucial for weight loss.

Question 9

According to the American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand on exercise and weight management, how much exercise is necessary to prevent weight gain over time? A) 0-100 min week⁻¹ B) 150-250 min week⁻¹ C) 300-400 min week⁻¹ D) 450-550 min week⁻¹

Accepted Answer

The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that 150-250 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week is necessary to prevent weight gain over time.

Deck 4: Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Obesity