Deck 6: Sex and Gender Inequality

Question 1

How were married women legal nonentities during the early years of U.S. history?

A) A woman's property was ceded over to the husband upon marriage as well as any property or wages that came to her.
B) She was considered a minor by the courts.
C) A woman was already a legal nonentity at birth.
D) Because a husband had the right to chastise (i.e. legally discipline) his wife physically.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What other important period in U.S. history did woman play a leading role (compare to the textile workers of the early Industrial Revolution).

A) Women played a similar role in service and information-based economy of the late twentieth century.
B) They increased the diversity of the workforce.
C) They reintroduced the dual-earner family.
D) Women served as computer program writers during the early IT revolution.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is true about labor participation rates?

A) Women's labor participation has increased, while men's has decreased.
B) Women's labor participation has stayed consistent over the years.
C) Both men's and women's participation rates have increased.
D) The faster grown employment sector for women has been in managerial work.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Why haven't women gained in equality from the increasing shift to white-collar and management jobs?

A) They tend to be concentrated among the gender-typed occupations of the past, such as teaching and nursing, department store sales, and the like.
B) Women prefer to stay within their "comfort zones" in the workplace.
C) The old boys' network is still in place for such jobs as stock broker, and car sales.
D) The number of jobs in these gender-typed occupations are more plentiful and need to be filled.

Question 5

What does research tell us about the interaction between race and gender, and earnings?

A) The earnings of White women have increased more rapidly in the past 20 years than those of Black and Hispanic women.
B) The differences in earnings between White men and women are smaller than differences for Black or Hispanic men and women.
C) The earnings of White women have not increased as rapidly as have those of Black women.
D) There are no differences by gender for people of color.

Question 6

The gendered nature of occupations extends to the intersection of gender and sexuality in what way?

A) Gay men are more likely to be found in female-majority occupations
B) Lesbian women are less likely to work in male occupations.
C) Gay men are less likely to succeed in highly feminized occupations.
D) Sexuality has no impact on gender-typed organizations.

Question 7

Why do women settle for jobs in smaller firms that are "peripheral" to core sectors of the economy where power decisions are made?

A) Such firms are more tolerant or make fewer demands when balancing work and family responsibilities.
B) The career ladders are shorter and easier to climb, thus women enjoy some form of advancement.
C) Such firms are more intimate and friendly, which complements workplace preferences research has shown.
D) Even though women have been actively recruited by large firms for management positions, they are still conditioned to find easier employment that makes fewer demands.

Question 8

What variables might explain gender segregation in occupations?

A) Women and men have different social connections or relationships.
B) Women and men have different training.
C) Women would prefer to stay home.
D) Men work harder in their jobs than women.

Question 9

According to Acker, all organizations have inequality regimes. What might be an example of microaggressions or their informal impact on women?

A) Something as simple as a male superior not discussing a television program he liked because it wasn't a "chick show," to use his words.
B) A firm offers maternity leave for its female employees but no similar benefit for gay employees who adopt a child.
C) A female manager preferring women over men in her department.
D) Any gendered occupation that perpetuates inequality.

Question 10

Which economic factor accounts for the earnings gap between working men and women?

A) Many of the jobs women are expected to do have more supply than demand.
B) The distribution and concentration of women in jobs that are culturally defined as appropriate despite their economic value.
C) Jobs of comparable worth are culturally devalued.
D) The jobs taken by men provide more added value and revenue to the economy.

Question 11

A theory that investigate how women and men navigate their physical and spatial environments can be called a(n):

A) ecological model
B) cultural model
C) Marxist theory
D) intersectionality

Question 12

Vogel's theory suggests which of the following?

A) A key to understanding equality is the reproduction of labor.
B) Patriarchy is more important than capitalism.
C) Labor power refers to how hard an individual works.
D) Inequality is due to the fact the nature of the surrounding environment.

Question 13

Intersectional research that looks at the work experiences of Latina women compared with White women would be which type of approach?

A) intercategorical
B) intracategorial
C) anti-categorical
D) multi-categorical

Question 14

In Chafetz's theory of sex stratification, which of the preconditions for sex inequality has an affinity to Marxian economics?

A) When women do not have ownership and control over the means and products of their production.
B) When women do not contribute significantly to highly valued tasks.
C) In situations where the supply of labor allows for women to be easily replaced.
D) Where occupational roles are sex-typed and proletarian in nature.

Question 15

Given Sanday's ecological explanation for sexual inequality, some societies have an inner orientation. Which of the following thumbnail descriptions might best represent this paradigm?

A) The Minoan civilization depicted in frescos that show women harvesting crocuses before a nature goddess and for the export of saffron used in medicines.
B) Rawhide paintings by Native American depicting the traditional buffalo hunt.
C) A statue of Athena dressed in her armor, helmet, and bearing a spear.
D) A Turkish miniature showing the women in a sultan's harem.