Deck 8: Aggression

Question 1

Which of the following acts can be defined as aggressive?

A) Throwing a tennis racquet at the ground in anger
B) Yelling at an official after a controversial call
C) Pulling on the jersey of an opposing player
D) A pitcher purposefully throwing a baseball at a hitter

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an act of verbal aggression?

A) All of the above
B) Taunting
C) Swearing
D) "Trash talk"

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the difference between hostile and instrumental aggression?

A) Hostile aggression has the motivation to harm, whereas instrumental aggression has the motivation to harm in order to obtain something of value
B) Hostile aggression includes very severe acts that result in physical injury (biting, punching), whereas instrumental aggression includes more minor, non-injurious acts (hair pulling, taunting)
C) Hostile aggression involves a confrontation, whereas instrumental aggression includes acts from an unknown origin
D) Hostile aggression only takes place during games, instrumental aggression only takes place during practice

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A player that shoves another player during a timeout is engaging in:

A) Hostile aggression
B) instrumental aggression
C) frustration aggression
D) Assertiveness

Question 5

A player that illegally tackles another player before she can score a goal is engaging in:

A) instrumental aggression
B) Hostile aggression
C) frustration aggression
D) Assertiveness

Question 6

Which of the following is an assertive, not an aggressive act?

A) Unintentionally colliding with an opposing player while trying to get to a soccer ball
B) Swearing at your tennis partner after they miss an easy serve
C) Fans getting into a fight in the parking lot after watching a football game
D) A basketball player tripping a defender while attempting to make a lay-up

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

A) A lacrosse player illegally holds another player to prevent them from intercepting a pass.
B) A boxer punches harder at the beginning of a round than at the end of a round.
C) Fans taunt the mascot of the opposing team
D) Fans get into a fight with other fans after a sporting event

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of hostile aggression?

A) Swearing at your tennis partner after they miss an easy serve
B) A lacrosse player illegally holds another player to prevent them from intercepting a pass.
C) Unintentionally colliding with an opposing player while trying to get to a soccer ball
D) A basketball player tripping a defender while attempting to make a lay-up

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the rioting of fans AFTER a game has already been lost?

A) Sports violence
B) Physical aggression
C) Instrumental aggression
D) Assertiveness

Question 10

Researchers studied the effect of a win or a loss by a favorite team on men's testosterone levels. What were their findings?

A) A man watching his team win a game will have increased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have decreased testosterone levels.
B) A man watching his team win a game will have decreased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have increased testosterone levels.
C) A man watching his team win a game will have increased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will show no difference in his testosterone levels.
D) A man watching his team win a game will have no difference in his testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have decreased testosterone levels.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT used by researchers to study aggression in athletes?

A) All of the above are acceptable ways to study aggression
B) Questionnaires
C) Meta-analysis of archival data
D) Observational data

Question 12

A drawback of the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale is that it relies on:

A) Self-report
B) Hand-coded behaviors
C) Archival data
D) Expensive equipment (EEG, MRI)

Question 13

Compared to less aggressive NBA players, Teuhel et al. found that more aggressive NBA players:

A) Played more minutes
B) Generated fewer fouls
C) Were ranked lower by their coach
D) Scored more points

Question 14

Within the NHL, Sheldon and Aimar found that increased aggressive behaviors was predictive of:

A) better performance
B) worse performance
C) more penalty minutes
D) fewer penalty minutes

Question 15

Which observation supports the instinct theory of aggression?

A) "Triumphant" gestures are displayed by athletes in all cultures
B) Children show aggressive behavior towards a blow-up doll after watching adults display aggression towards the doll
C) Spectators watching a wrestling match show higher levels of aggression than those watching swimming races
D) Sports broadcasters make hockey games seem more violent than they are.

Question 16

The fact that aggressive acts may actually increase aggression rather than decrease aggression refutes the idea of:

A) Catharsis
B) Bracketed morality
C) Displacement
D) Reinforcement

Question 17

Social learning theory would propose that if a child watches NHL players fighting during hockey games, that child will:

A) Learn that fighting is just part of hockey, and possibly imitate the fighting while playing hockey
B) Have an increase in testosterone levels
C) Learn the moral reasoning skills to avoid fighting in the future
D) Engage in frustration-aggression

Question 18

Which of the following supports the social learning theory of aggression?

A) Levels of aggression in a particular sport varies across cultures
B) Even blind athletes may display "triumphant" gestures after a victory
C) Frustrated athletes are more likely to display aggressive behaviors
D) Athletes with higher levels of moral reasoning are less likely to engage in aggressive behavior

Question 19

Bracketed morality addresses the need for athletes to _________ normal ethical guidelines in order to engage in _________.

A) Suspend; aggression
B) Uphold; fair play
C) Uphold; aggression
D) Suspend; fair play

Question 20

The general aggression model suggests that aggressive behavior can be related to individual differences and _____

A) situational factors
B) genetics
C) personality
D) instincts

Question 21

Which theory of aggression considers aggressive behavior to result from a combination of situational and individual factors?

A) General aggression model
B) Moral Reasoning theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Social learning theory

Question 22

According to the general aggression model, a player acts aggressively because of situational factors and _____

A) their own personality
B) others aggressive behavior
C) the external temperature
D) None of the above

Question 23

Aggression is considered more legitimate in ______ sports than in non-contact sports.

A) Collision
B) Contact
C) Water
D) individual

Question 24

Caldwell and Burger found that, for NHL teams, wearing black uniforms led to _____ in aggressive behavior as compared to wearing red uniforms.

A) no change
B) a decrease
C) small increase
D) a large increase

Question 25

The most common way to try and reduce unwanted aggression in sports is:

A) punishment
B) psychological skills training
C) morality training
D) reinforcement

Question 26

Reducing violence in sports will likely require levying punishments for the aggressive behavior of:

A) All of the above
B) Fans
C) Coaches
D) players

Question 27

Which group likely would be the most effective at modeling pro-social behavior for a youth baseball team?

A) Coaches
B) Fans
C) Younger players
D) Umpires

Question 28

Training children in ______ has been shown to increase moral reasoning skills.

A) Sportsmanship
B) frustration-aggression theory
C) catharsis
D) displacement

Question 29

Removing alcohol from sporting events may not be effective at reducing aggression because:

A) Fans can still access alcohol outside of the stadium
B) Most sporting events already prohibit alcohol
C) No psychologists have supported such a prohibition
D) Alcohol has never been linked with aggressive behavior

Question 30

All aggressive acts are physical acts.

Question 31

Fans who highly identify with their favorite team are more likely to engage in aggressive acts than fans who do not highly identify with their favorite team.

Question 32

Fans experience higher levels of anger and aggression when their favorite team loses if they blame the outcome on a referee.

Question 33

There is little evidence to support the assertion that aggressive behavior does in fact often lead to better outcomes.

Question 34

Coaches can reward and encourage aggressive behavior by giving aggressive athletes more playing time.

Question 35

The general aggression model suggests that even a calm individual will behave aggressively in many situations.

Question 36

According to the Bushamn and Wells study of high school hockey players, responses to personality questionnaires about aggression are unrelated to actual penalties during a game.

Question 37

Athletes that have more task-oriented goals tend to be less aggressive than athletes with ego-oriented goals.

Question 38

Within a given sport, being a member of a particular team affects the likelihood of committing aggressive acts.

Question 39

Within a given sport, female athletes tend to be more aggressive than male athletes.

Question 40

Within the NHL, winning teams tend to commit more penalties than losing teams.

Question 41

An analysis of penalty data in the NHL before and after a severe penalty for aggressive behavior showed that punishing aggressive behavior has no effect on extreme forms of aggression

Question 42

The International Society of Sport Psychology does not recommend banning alcohol from all sporting events.

Question 43

Research suggests that teaching children good sportsmanship can increase moral reasoning skills.

Question 44

A study of banning alcohol in certain soccer stadiums showed that such a ban failed to reduced fan drunkenness.

Question 45

Describe possible explanations for Luis Suarez's bite of Giorgio Chellini according to three different theories of aggression.

Question 46

What effect might wearing a black uniform have on the team wearing the uniform? How would test this experimentally?

Question 47

Why does banning alcohol not have a larger effect on reducing sports-related violence?

Question 48

How might the media, especially television, contribute to the prevalence of aggressive behavior in sports?

Question 49

Can sportsmanship be taught to children? What about to professional athletes?