Deck 2: Personality

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a theory of personality?

A) Associative theory
B) Psychodynamic theory
C) Humanistic theory
D) Social learning theory

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following personality theories states that personality is based largely in the unconscious?

A) Psychodynamic theory
B) Interactional theory
C) Social learning theory
D) Humanistic theory

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following personality theories states that people's attitudes and behaviors are learned through a process of conditioning?

A) Social learning theory
B) Humanistic theory
C) Psychodynamic theory
D) Trait theory

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the personality theories is widely used in sport psychology?

A) Social learning theory
B) Trait theory
C) Psychodynamic theory
D) Humanistic theory

Question 5

The Five Factor Theory scores an individual on which pair of the following traits?

A) Openness and extraversion
B) Aggressiveness and mental-toughness
C) Perfectionism and judgementalism
D) Self-awareness and resilience

Question 6

A collection of values, attitudes, emotions, and cognitions that influence the way in which an individual approaches, responds to, and appraises demanding events to consistently achieve his or her goals is referred to as:

A) Mental toughness
B) Perfectionism
C) Self-actualization
D) Emotional intelligence

Question 7

A person's tendency to set and work towards very high standards is called:

A) Perfectionism
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Mental toughness
D) Agreeableness

Question 8

Self-talk, emotional control, and relaxation are all correlated positively with:

A) Mental toughness
B) Neuroticism
C) Perfectionism
D) Social introversion

Question 9

If an athlete has the optimal, iceberg profile, which mood state will be elevated compare to the others?

A) vigor
B) tension
C) anger
D) confusion

Question 10

An athlete who can judge how she is currently feeling and also judge the feelings of her opponent would score high on:

A) Emotional intelligence
B) Extraversion
C) Openness
D) Agreeableness

Question 11

The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory is used to measure strategies that athletes use to cope with:

A) Pressure
B) Fatigue
C) Disagreeable teammates
D) Lack of motivation

Question 12

_______ athletes tend to be more conscientious, imaginative, compassionate, tough-minded, and emotionally stable than _____ athletes

A) Higher-level/lower-level
B) Younger/older
C) Female/Male
D) Aggressive/passive

Question 13

An athete who participates in a high-risk sport, such as skydiving, shows different versions of genes linked with:

A) Fearlessness
B) Aggression
C) Perfectionism
D) Extraversion

Question 14

The ability to control and manage feelings is more likely to be seen in athletes playing _____ positions.

A) Offensive
B) Defensive
C) Difficult
D) None of the above

Question 15

How athletes cope with _____ may be what connects personality to athletic performance.

A) Stressors
B) Failure
C) Success
D) Physical testing

Question 16

A study on 4,000 6-year-olds and 4,000 10-year-olds showed that the children who continued to participate in sports showed decreases in _________, and increases in _________ overtime compared to those not engaged in sports.

A) Introversion/persistence
B) Mental-toughness/neuroticism
C) Extraversion/perfectionism
D) Agreeableness/openness

Question 17

Which of the following may be a link to personality, and therefore a factor in athletic success?

A) Personal appearance
B) Academic success
C) Number of friends
D) Owning a pet

Question 18

The ________ hypothesis states that people with certain personalities gravitate toward athletics in general or towards specific sports.

A) Selection
B) Learning
C) Attrition
D) Developmental

Question 19

The ________ hypothesis states that participation in athletics shapes and changes people's personalities in distinct ways.

A) Learning
B) Gravitational
C) Selection
D) Attrition

Question 20

Which of the following is an athlete most likely to report on a personality survey if the intention of the athlete is to appear more confident?

A) High extraversion
B) Low agreeableness
C) High anxiety
D) Low perseverance

Question 21

If 300 successful athletes take a personality test, and 70% of the athletes score high on resilience, we can assume that resilience may be ____ athletic success.

A) Correlated with
B) A leading cause of
C) Unrelated to
D) None of the above

Question 22

Which theory of personality would say that the unconscious lingering effects of a bad athletic performance may be what is currently causing an athlete distress at the thought of performing?

A) Psychodynamic theory
B) Humanistic theory
C) Interactional theory
D) Trait theory

Question 23

Which theory of personality would say that an athlete's predisposition to perfectionism allows for higher athletic success?

A) Trait theory
B) Interactional theory
C) Psychodynamic theory
D) Social learning theory

Question 24

Which theory of personality would say that desirable personality characteristics can be reinforced through coaching, parenting, and positive experiences?

A) Social learning theory
B) Trait theory
C) Humanistic theory
D) Psychodynamic theory

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an example of functional perfectionism in an athlete?

A) Concern over meeting others' expectations
B) High personal standards
C) A desire for organization
D) Practicing necessary skills daily

Question 26

Personality differences should be expected between groups of athletes who:

A) All of the above
B) Play different positions
C) Play different sports
D) Are at different levels of achievement

Question 27

What is a possible explanation as to why athletes who participate in risky sports might show a different personality profile from those who participate in "safe", or traditional sports?

A) All of the above
B) Athletes with high levels of extraversion and openness are drawn to riskier sports
C) Athletes who complete in riskier sports change over time into more risk-seeking, extraverted people
D) These athletes have genes that are linked with fearlessness and susceptibility to boredom

Question 28

Why might a generally positive outlook be correlated with athletic success?

A) Athletes with generally positive outlooks may cope better with stressors
B) Athletes with generally positive outlooks tend not to care whether they win or lose
C) Positive outlook is not correlated with athletic success
D) Only successful athletes can develop a positive outlook

Question 29

A personality test given to a group of athletes can NOT tell us:

A) All of the above
B) The causal link between personality and athletic success
C) How any given individual athlete will perform
D) Whether specific personality traits influence athletic performance, or whether athletic performance influences personality traits

Question 30

Using personality inventories on athletes may help us to understand:

A) All of the above
B) The personality differences between athletes who play different sports and different positions within those sports
C) The personality differences between older and younger athletes
D) The correlation between personality and athletic success

Question 31

Perfectionism is a negative personality trait.

Question 32

Sigmund Freud suggested that the consciousness is made up of the id, the ego, and the super ego.

Question 33

The trait theory would say that a person's characteristics determine their behavior far more than the situation.

Question 34

Success levels in athletics do not seem to be correlated with personality traits.

Question 35

There is some evidence that personality traits are correlated with positions played within sports.

Question 36

People's stereotypes about different athletic positions may influence beliefs about the link between personality types and athletic positions.

Question 37

If A is correlated with B, we can assume that A causes

Question 38

If scoring high on extraversion is correlated with athletic success, we can assume that an introverted athlete will not be successful in athletics.

Question 39

Personality traits that allow athletes to have positive relationships with coaches and teammates may be a link to athletic success.

Question 40

The purpose of scoring athletes on personality traits is in order to better understand the link between personality and success in athletics.

Question 41

It is possible that success in athletics changes a person's personality, linking athletic success with particular personality traits.

Question 42

The attrition hypothesis states that people with certain types of personality traits are selected by coaches, especially as competition for spaces narrows with age.

Question 43

An athlete's current mood or situation does not affect their responses on a personality survey.

Question 44

Personality tests account for a large part of the ability to predict an athlete's success.

Question 45

A person who scores high on mental-toughness and extraversion would almost certainly be successful in any athletic position.

Question 46

What are three ways the humanistic view on personality differs from the psychodynamic view?

Question 47

Different theories summarize personality using a different number of attributes. Are there advantages to having a smaller number of attributes? How many is too many?

Question 48

What are two ways perfectionism may help an athlete's performance? What are two ways perfectionism may hurt performance?

Question 49

Describe how you would use a personality test to select a player for a team. How much weight should results from a personality test weigh against player performance?

Question 50

Why is a strong correlation not sufficient to say that a personality trait causes athletic success? What would be required to say that a personality trait is causally linked with athletic performance?