Deck 2: Perception

Question 1

Bridget and Katie have two classes together: Communication and Anatomy. In Anatomy, Katie is having a difficult time learning the pathogenic organisms. Since Bridget is doing "A" work in their Communication class, Katie assumes Bridget is also good in Anatomy. Therefore, she asks Bridget to help her with her Anatomy homework. Katie's assumption about Bridget is an example of

A) allness stereotyping.
B) referent power.
C) halo and horns stereotyping.
D) indexing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What occurs when one's behavior matches or strives to reach the expectations of others?

A) Self-enlightenment
B) Self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Self-inflicted impressionism
D) Self-expectation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The process of assigning meaning to stimuli is called

A) perception.
B) selective attention.
C) organization.
D) reflective appraisal.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Taye is looking back on her life and contemplates her total perception, or how she pictures herself in a very broad sense. In other words, Taye is considering her

A) self-image.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-concept.
D) self-centered.

Question 5

Madge flipped through hundreds of television channels looking for something interesting to watch. What part of the process of perception made Madge choose just one channel when she had so many to choose from?

A) Perception
B) Needs
C) Attribution
D) Selective attention

Question 6

Perceiving that certain items belong together is called

A) closure.
B) similarity.
C) organization.
D) proximity.

Question 7

When we are familiar with an idea or topic, we tend to "fill in the gaps." According to the process of perception, what is this act called?

A) Closure
B) Organization
C) Similarity
D) Proximity

Question 8

Characteristics we use to judge others such as appearance, intelligence, or friendliness are part of our

A) self-esteem.
B) proximity.
C) organization.
D) personal constructs.

Question 9

Dave wants to run for the Town Council but is afraid nobody will vote for him. His neighbors visit him, explaining how much they respect Dave and need his fresh ideas to improve local government. After the visit, Dave starts to see himself through the eyes of his neighbors and begins the process of running for office. This is an example of

A) self-concept.
B) reflective appraisal.
C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) selective attention.

Question 10

Caryl is wondering why her daughter Jill is in a bad mood. Caryl decides that Jill must be stressed out and takes her on a five-mile run. Jill's mood worsens. Instead of guessing why Jill is in a bad mood, Caryl asks, "What's the matter?" Jill says, "I was tired before that run, and now I'm just exhausted." Caryl's initial assumptions were wrong. What technique did she use to find out what was really bothering Jill?

A) Perception checking
B) Questioning
C) Interviewing
D) Impression management

Question 11

A predetermined position regarding a person, event, concept, or object, which affects the way we interpret data, is called

A) attribution.
B) an attitude.
C) a prototype.
D) a stimulus.

Question 12

The development of our self-concept is influenced by individuals to whom we are emotionally close and to whom we allow to influence our lives. Who are these individuals?

A) Political figures
B) Significant others
C) Authority figures
D) Insignificant others

Question 13

Representatives of our ideals that we use as a means of comparison are

A) attributions.
B) personal constructs.
C) prototypes.
D) self-serving bias.

Question 14

During her childhood, Erin enjoyed wonderful relationships with her grandparents and elderly aunts and uncles. At her first job at a nursing home, Erin expected the residents to all be kind and gentle. Erin is categorizing people into groups based on generalized characteristics instead of recognizing individual differences. This is known as

A) perception checking.
B) impression management.
C) appraising.
D) stereotyping.

Question 15

When we hear a part of a familiar quotation and can silently fill in the missing portion, it is called

A) selection.
B) organization.
C) closure.
D) interpretation.

Question 16

Gracie, Sheila's five-year-old daughter, counted four pairs of shoes by the doorway instead of eight individual shoes because her organization skills were now able to relate to

A) proximity.
B) closure.
C) attribution.
D) prototyping.

Question 17

Seeing ourselves in a positive light by blaming others for problems is called

A) personal constructs.
B) self-serving bias.
C) external attribution.
D) prototypes.

Question 18

Our self-concept and self-esteem greatly affect how we present ourselves to our friends, family, and work colleagues. How we want others to perceive us is called

A) impression management.
B) initial impression.
C) personal constructs.
D) selective attention.

Question 19

Our past experiences, our attitudes, personal constructs and prototypes, and attribution affect our _____ of what we have perceived.

A) reflective appraisal
B) interpretation
C) perception checking
D) stereotype

Question 20

Joshua is three years old. His mother told him there was a bird perched outside on the bird feeder. Joshua pictured a robin in his mind when he went to the window but that is not the bird he saw on the feeder. He told his mother, "That's not a bird!" His ideal representation of a "bird" looking like a robin is

A) a stereotype.
B) a perception.
C) an attribution.
D) a prototype.

Question 21

Loving the sound of the paper shredder, Nick took papers off of his father's desk and put them through the shredder. Unfortunately, those papers happened to be this year's tax returns. Angry, his father yells, "Nick! You are a horrible boy!" Knowing now that he is horrible, Nick hides his father's laptop in the garbage can. Label and explain Nick's behavior.

Question 22

Explain why none of us can perceive the world objectively.

Question 23

Before we begin to interpret stimuli we have selected from our environment we have to make sense of them in some way. How do we prepare to interpret stimuli?

Question 24

________ are the characteristics we use to judge others on a continuum from positive to negative in qualities such as appearance, intelligence, or friendliness.

Question 25

Barney thinks very highly of himself. Today, Barney ran over his niece's bicycle with his car. Because he considers himself an excellent driver, he refuses to take responsibility for the damaged bike. Instead, he blames his niece for leaving her bike in the driveway. Explain Barney's behavior.

Question 26

What is the difference and the connection between our self-concept and our self-esteem?

Question 27

Throughout his high school career, Vince's parents told him that he was smart and could accomplish a great deal in his chosen career. All the praise and support from his parents motivated Vince to finish in the top five percent of his class and later he became an award-winning physicist. Something happened to Vince because of his parent's encouragement and his own motivation. This is a positive example of what communication concept?

Question 28

Individuals who influence our lives help develop our self-concept. Who are these individuals?

Question 29

Jerry made a favorable impression on Brenda upon their first meeting at the company picnic. Despite several employees warning her about Jerry's apparent lack of diplomacy, Brenda assigned him to the customer service department. Brenda had difficulty believing that the same person she met at the picnic could possibly be as tactless as the other employees said. What type of perception is Brenda's judgment of Jerry an example of, and why?

Question 30

Using questions to clarify our understanding of the message is called ________.

Question 31

Abdul remembers his girlfriend's birthday because it happens to fall on the same day as his parent's wedding anniversary. Using the process of perception, Abdul remembers these events because of proximity.

Question 32

A person who thinks "but fear itself" after hearing the words, "We have nothing to fear ..." has engaged in the act of proximity.

Question 33

Personal constructs include our individual ethnic make-up among other things.

Question 34

How you describe your roles within your family, your gender and age, and your career goals are part of your self-concept.

Question 35

"The dog ate my homework" is an example of external attribution.

Question 36

Stereotypes are the result of having too much accurate and personal information.

Question 37

Until she purchased her new red Volkswagen Bug, Denise never noticed just how many other people drive the same exact make and model. Using the process of perception, paying attention to the types of car other people drive is called selective attention.

Question 38

Our attitude toward a speaker can determine the way we respond to that person's speech.

Question 39

Betty describes herself as a bank executive, a writer, a daughter, wife, mother, and friend. This self- description is called self-esteem.

Question 40

The three steps of perception include selective interpretation, internal attribution, and impression management.

Question 41

Accurate perceptions of others are sometimes strengthened and enhanced by clinging to first impressions and by stereotyping.

Question 42

Assuming that Keiko, a Japanese American college sophomore, plays the violin just because of her ethnicity is an example of allness stereotyping.

Question 43

Kendra works for three women who all describe themselves as "feminists." Since these women are all what Kendra describes as outspoken and somewhat abrasive, Kendra decides that all feminists have these same characteristics. This assumption is "halo and horns" stereotyping.

Question 44

Although usually thought of in negative terms, the self-fulfilling prophecy also can have a positive effect on our self-concept.

Question 45

Reflective appraisals are also called the "looking glass self" because we see ourselves through other people's eyes.

Question 46

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Impression management

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 47

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Organization

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 48

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Perception

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 49

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Proximity

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 50

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Closure

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 51

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Needs

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 52

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Self-concept

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 53

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Self-esteem

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 54

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Perception checking

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 55

Match the word or phrase with its definition.
-Selective attention

A) Filling the gaps when parts are missing from stimuli
B) The process of assigning meaning to stimuli
C) Using questions to clarify how we understand a message
D) Motivate us to select and assign meaning to certain stimuli
E) Our measure of self-worth
F) Our total perception of ourselves
G) Stimuli that can be organized according to closeness to one another
H) How we want others to perceive us
I) Categorizing stimuli into patterns
J) Determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore
K) Assigning causation to our behavior and the behavior of others

Question 56

What is perception checking, and what is an effective way we can use this technique in our communication interactions?

Question 57

Describe the three steps involved in processing information.

Question 58

Define self-concept and self-esteem, and explain how the two are affected by feedback from others.

Question 59

Define and give an example of "allness" and "halo and horns" stereotyping. How does "allness" and "halo and horns" stereotyping distort reality in society? Explain how each type of stereotyping is harmful to the communication process.

Question 60

Explain why it is important to develop accurate perceptions of ourselves and others. Provide examples.