Deck 8: Sampling

Question 1

How does a unit of observation differ from a unit of analysis?

Answer 1

Unit of observation is exactly who is providing us information about the unit of analysis. Unit of analysis is who or what we are studying.

Question 2

Why is random sampling believed to be the best way to select participants?

Answer 2

It is the fairest, since it gives everyone an equal chance of being selected.

Question 3

How does quota sampling differ from stratified random?

Answer 3

Quota sampling is not random.

Question 4

Which sampling plan includes dividing up locations and then taking random samples from each of those areas?

Question 5

How can researchers try to make snowball samples a bit less biased?

Question 6

A(n) _______________ is who or what we are studying.

A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Content analysis
D) Unit of analysis

Question 7

If I interview someone and then ask that person to introduce me to some associates so I could interview them, what type of sampling technique is this?

A) Snowball
B) Purposive
C) Stratified random
D) Multistage cluster

Question 8

Incorrectly making assumptions about individuals based on the research results of groups is known as _________.

A) Deductive assumptions
B) Ecological fallacy
C) Exception fallacy
D) Going native

Question 9

Incorrectly making assumptions about large groups based on the circumstances of one very unique case is known as _________.

A) Deductive assumptions
B) Ecological fallacy
C) Exception fallacy
D) Going native

Question 10

Specifically selecting people who are high-achievers or low-risk for programs with the assumption that they are most likely to succeed is known as ________________

A) Stacking the deck
B) Creaming
C) Equal probability sampling
D) Ecological fallacy

Question 11

A ___________ is a comprehensive list of everyone or everything in the population of interest.

A) Sample
B) Sample element
C) Population parameter
D) Sampling frame

Question 12

A city councilman wants to know what the residents of his town think about the proposal to place a restaurant at an already-busy intersection. He set up a table outside of the local convenience store on the weekend and surveys people as they enter. What type of sample is this?

A) Convenience
B) Purposive
C) Quota
D) Snowball

Question 13

A local baseball team wants to do a survey about who fans think it most likely to win the division this year. They post a survey on the team website to get fans' opinions. What type of sampling plan is this?

A) Convenience
B) Purposive
C) Quota
D) Snowball

Question 14

Sandra wants to do a random survey of households to get residents' opinions about crime. She takes out a map of the city, divides the city into four sections, and then takes a random sample of addresses from each area. What type of sampling is this?

A) Convenience
B) Quota
C) Multistage cluster
D) Purposive

Question 15

We can determine the proper sample size that we need to avoid statistical conclusion validity problems by conducting a ____________

A) Power analysis
B) Multivariate statistical model
C) Regression
D) t-test

Question 16

Systematic random sampling is a type of probability sampling.

Question 17

Ecological fallacy involves making assumptions about individuals based on group data.

Question 18

A comprehensive list of everyone or everything in the population of interest is called a population parameter.

Question 19

Multistage cluster sampling involves taking every nth (5^th, 10^th, etc) case in the population.

Question 20

Simple random sampling is conducted by taking names out of a hat or using a random number generator.

Question 21

Quota sampling is a type of probability sampling.

Question 22

The bigger our confidence interval gets, the more confident that we can be that we captured the true population mean.

Question 23

Explain why random selection of a sample is supposed to be a good tool for selecting a representative sample.

Question 24

Give an example of why a researcher would want to use nonprobablility sampling.

Question 25

A _________ is a subset of a population.

Question 26

__________ involves taking a very unique case or circumstance and assuming that it is typical.

Question 27

_________ can be done by picking names out of a hat.

Question 28

________ involves using the judgement of the research team to select a sample.

Question 29

When we want to check to see how similar our sample is to the population, we compare a sample statistic to a population __________.

Question 30

When we are trying to calculate confidence intervals to see where the true population mean probably is, as the interval itself gets smaller, our confidence _________.