Deck 5: Pre-Experimental, Longitudinal, and Cross-Sectional Designs

Question 1

How do pre-experimental designs differ from classical experiments?

Answer 1

They are missing 2 of the 3 elements of classical experiments.

Question 2

What is the difference between a two-group posttest only design and an equivalent-groups posttest only design?

Answer 2

For equivalent groups, individuals were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.

Question 3

Which research design involves tracking the same group of people for multiple waves of data collection.

Answer 3

Panel design

Question 4

Why might a retrospective study be less effective than a prospective one at getting us accurate information about the age when someone first used marijuana?

Question 5

What is the name of the biggest victimization survey in the United States?

Question 6

What type of longitudinal study is the National Crime Victimization Survey?

Question 7

What is the term for placing an event into the incorrect time period during a survey or interview?

Question 8

You conduct a one-group before-after design evaluation of a program that aims to reduce juvenile delinquency. You discover that, in the year following the program juveniles were taken down to the police station for getting into trouble less often than the year before they enrolled in the program. While this is promising, what is a substantial potential threat to internal validity here?

A) Time order of variables
B) Demoralization
C) Statistical conclusion validity
D) Maturation

Question 9

An examination of patterns of robberies over the past 20 years would be an example of a _______.

A) Panel design
B) Cohort design
C) Trend study
D) Prospective design

Question 10

The National Crime Victimization Survey, with its periodic interviews of household members, is a ________.

A) Panel design
B) Cohort design
C) Trend study
D) Prospective design

Question 11

A _________ involves collecting data once to look at something at one point in time.

A) Longitudinal design
B) Panel design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Time-series

Question 12

A __________ involves selecting and tracking people who are part of the same group, such as first-year medical students.

A) Cohort design
B) Trend study
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Time-series

Question 13

A design that involves data collection from multiple cohorts simultaneously is known as a(n):

A) Accelerated/intensive longitudinal design
B) Panel design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Time-series design

Question 14

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects data through victimization surveys occurring at ________ intervals.

A) Yearly
B) 6-month
C) Monthly
D) Weekly

Question 15

What type of design is the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident Based Reporting System?

A) Cohort
B) Panel
C) Cross-sectional
D) Time-series

Question 16

A retrospective study is likely to be best when asking people to recall ___________.

A) Age of taking a first drink
B) A major victimization incident
C) Age at first arrest
D) Prior drug use

Question 17

For longitudinal designs, we collect data once.

Question 18

A classical experiment counts as a type of a longitudinal design.

Question 19

A one-group before-after test is known as a pre-experimental design.

Question 20

A cross-sectional design is a type of trend study.

Question 21

It is quicker to collect data using a prospective design than a retrospective one.

Question 22

If we identify a sample and then collect data from them gradually over the years, this is a type of prospective design.

Question 23

Retrospective designs are better than prospective designs at figuring out the age at which people first got involved in criminal offending.

Question 24

Retrospective designs are generally cheaper than prospective designs.

Question 25

When respondents respond to a question by placing an event into the incorrect time frame, that is called bounding.

Question 26

Discuss the pros and cons of using retrospective and prospective designs.

Question 27

Discuss the advantages of using a longitudinal design. What types of research are best captured using this type of methodology?

Question 28

The ____________ is the biggest victimization survey in the United States.

Question 29

The __________ was a landmark study where Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin tracked boys from their 10^th birthday through their 18^th birthdays and found that a small percentage were responsible for a disproportionate amount of offending.

Question 30

_______ refers to placing an event in the wrong time frame during a survey or interview.

Question 31

The Uniform Crime Reports are an example of a _____________ study.