Deck 11: Less Obtrusive Methods

Question 1

Which type of research might involve long hours of watching television?

Answer 1

Content analysis

Question 2

What does it mean to "clean" data?

Answer 2

Fixing any typos and other mistakes.

Question 3

How might variable selection for a study be problematic in secondary data analysis?

Answer 3

The original researchers might not have measured all of the variables that the next researchers want to use.

Question 4

What must research participants do in order to ensure good validity in simulations?

Question 5

What is a collection and summarization of empirical evidence that meets pre-specified inclusion criteria?

Question 6

Name one step that we can take to find unpublished research.

Question 7

How do primary data sources differ from secondary data sources?

Question 8

Which method involves researchers searching for manifest and/or latent content?

A) Crime mapping
B) Predictive policing
C) Secondary analysis
D) Content analysis

Question 9

Conducting a systematic search of newspaper coverage of murders of children of different races is an example of ______________.

A) Simulations
B) Content analysis
C) Crime analysis
D) Use of agency records

Question 10

Doing a study by taking data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics website is known as _____________.

A) Crime mapping
B) Predictive policing
C) Secondary data analysis
D) Content analysis

Question 11

The _____________ includes a collection of over 25,000 datasets in the social and behavioral sciences.

A) Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
B) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
C) Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
D) U.S. Census Bureau

Question 12

Researchers were able to ethically re-create Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority Study using which method?

A) Simulation
B) Content analysis
C) Analysis of existing records
D) Crime mapping

Question 13

Police in Virginia once used ________ techniques to learn times and locations of gunfire and then used that information to cut down on that problem.

A) Predictive policing
B) Reactive policing
C) Content analysis
D) Simulations

Question 14

According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), which of the following is the strongest?

A) Classical experiment
B) Quasi-experiment
C) Cross-sectional design
D) One-group before/after

Question 15

According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), which of the following is the weakest?

A) Classical experiment
B) Quasi-experiment
C) Cross-sectional design
D) One-group before/after

Question 16

What type of study do the scholars who developed the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), believe is the minimum level that is adequate for systematic reviews and meta-analysis?

A) Classical experiment
B) Quasi-experiment
C) Cross-sectional design
D) One-group before/after

Question 17

Latent content are obvious, clearly measurable items.

Question 18

Non-published criminal justice agency data will likely need to be cleaned before it is ready for data analysis.

Question 19

Individual-level data in freely available datasets are always de-identified before the datasets are made available.

Question 20

UCR data may not be appropriate for your study if you are looking to look at crime at the street level.

Question 21

Simulations usually have high validity.

Question 22

Agency records being used for crime mapping are usually ready for analysis as soon as the agencies share the data with the researchers.

Question 23

Meta-analysis and systematic reviews differ only in that meta-analysis includes more sophisticated statistical techniques.

Question 24

Red literature databases provide lists of unpublished research.

Question 25

The result of published research has been found to be different from unpublished research.

Question 26

Discuss the potential drawbacks to using criminal justice agency data for a study.

Question 27

What are the pros and cons of using agency records to study juvenile offending?

Question 28

What are the advantages to using datasets that were created by other researchers for previous projects?

Question 29

What is publication bias? Why is it a problem for systematic and meta-analyses, and what can be done to address it?

Question 30

Discuss why a researcher might use content analysis for a study.

Question 31

If we are going through fictional crime shows and counting the number of times the police fire their guns, we are searching for ________ content.

Question 32

If we are watching military recruitment commercials and noting how many of them appeal to people's desire for action and adventure, we are searching for _______ content.

Question 33

A _____________ would allow us to re-create what might be a dangerous situation in real life without actually putting any research participants in danger.

Question 34

_______ is a combination of existing police practices along with crime mapping to help officers be more proactive in preventing crime.

Question 35

Researchers planning to do crime mapping using addresses from police reports should set aside time to ________ the dataset prior to doing analysis.

Question 36

A ___________ is similar to a meta-analysis but lacks the sophisticated statistical analysis.

Question 37

When conducting a systematic review or a meta-analysis, we have to do a good literature search in order to avoid __________ bias.

Question 38

____________________ involve collection and summarization of empirical evidence that meets pre-specified inclusion criteria, whereas a _________________includes that same work but also applies statistical techniques to summarize the research findings.

Question 39

Marking crime scene locations on a geographical representation of the area in order to see a pattern is an example of ____________________.