Deck 3: Historical Antecedents

Question 1

Which of the following was not proposed by Cesare Beccaria?

A)crime is a rational choice
B)punishment should be swift
C)the death penalty should be used liberally
D)laws should be publicized

Answer 1

the death penalty should be used liberally

Question 2

The concept of "division of labor" was introduced and explained by

A)Cesare Beccaria
B)Adam Smith
C)John Howard
D)John Augustus

Answer 2

Adam Smith

Question 3

In The State of Prisons _________ exposed the awful conditions in the British correctional system.

A)John Howard
B)Jeremy Bentham
C)Robert Owen
D)Alexander Maconochie

Answer 3

John Howard

Question 4

Cardinal Richelieu

A)Reformed the French judiciary
B)Served as Prime Minister of France
C)Served the Catholic Church
D)all of the above

Question 5

Constitutional Code (1830) was authored by

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)John Howard
D)Robert Owen

Question 6

Jeremy Bentham led the development of a new type of prison with a central guard station and cells in tiers around this central hub. The prison was called the

A)wagon wheel
B)rock
C)panopticon
D)country club

Question 7

Under the administration of Andrew Jackson, employment by the government was largely gained by

A)a patronage appointment
B)a lottery system
C)a merit system
D)none of the above

Question 8

The penal reform that reduced sentences for good behavior was introduced by

A)John Howard
B)Jeremy Bentham
C)Robert Owen
D)Alexander Maconochie

Question 9

Which of the following was not a part of the London Metropolitan Police Model developed by Sir Robert Peel?

A)uniforms
B)officers paid on a per arrest basis
C)merit hiring
D)all of the above were introduced

Question 10

Utilitarian's such as _____________ supported compromise with the British Tory leadership, leading to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)Edwin Chadwick
C)Patrick Colquhoun
D)all of the above

Question 11

Sir Robert Peel used his position as _________ to push for the reforms that created the London Metropolitan Police.

A)Prime Minister
B)Foreign Secretary
C)Home Secretary
D)Mayor of London

Question 12

___________ was the inventor of the "difference engine."

A)Charles Babbage
B)John Augustus
C)Dorothea Dix
D)John Stuart Mill

Question 13

Who introduced probation to the American courts?

A)Charles Babbage
B)John Augustus
C)Dorothea Dix
D)John Stuart Mill

Question 14

Which of the following was a feature of the "Auburn System" designed by Elam Lynds?

A)hard work
B)controlled interaction
C)silence
D)all of the above were features

Question 15

Where did Zebulon Brockway institute his prison reforms?

A)Auburn prison
B)The Boston City Jail
C)Elmira Reformatory
D)Alcatraz Prison

Question 16

Who was the author of On Liberty?

A)Jeremy Bentham?
B)Woodrow Wilson
C)John Stuart Mill
D)Luther Gulick

Question 17

The essay On Liberty advocated

A)an expanded role for government
B)anarchy
C)limited government
D)none of the above

Question 18

Before becoming President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson was

A)A professor at Harvard
B)Governor of New Jersey
C)A Supreme Court Justice
D)Governor of New York

Question 19

Woodrow Wilson was the author of

A) The Study of Administration
B)Introduction to the Philosophy of Law
C)On Liberty
D)All of the above

Question 20

Nathan Roscoe Pound is associated with

A) Utility Theory
B) Probation Reform
C) Administrative Theory
D) Sociological Jurisprudence

Question 21

Cesare Beccaria believed that crime was a rational choice

Question 22

Cesare Beccaria was a strong advocate of the Death Penalty

Question 23

Adam Smith believed that deterministic forces created economic trends

Question 24

Thomas Jefferson was an advocate for increasing the size and role of government

Question 25

The use of Hulks was truly a humane reform in prisons

Question 26

Jeremy Bentham was a leading Utilitarian

Question 27

The "Panopticon" prison was a Bentham design

Question 28

Andrew Jackson was the first modern "democrat"

Question 29

The "spoils system" was merit based

Question 30

There are no more patronage positions in the Federal Government

Question 31

Robert Owen introduced a system of sentence reduction earned by good behavior at Norfolk Island

Question 32

Sir Robert Peel was a member of the conservative party known as the Tories

Question 33

Peel believed that police officers should carry firearms

Question 34

Charles Babbage invented the precursor of the computer called the "difference engine"

Question 35

Dorothea Dix lobbied for probation reform

Question 36

John Stuart Mill strongly supported Jacksonian Democracy

Question 37

Woodrow Wilson was influential in the development of political science and the related field of public administration

Question 38

John Stuart Mill held Utilitarian beliefs

Question 39

Woodrow Wilson had and earned doctorate

Question 40

Luther Gulick is perhaps best known for contributing the term POSDCORB to the managerial vocabulary

Question 41

How were political and legal philosophers, such as Jefferson and Bentham, influenced by Beccaria? Why is the concept of rational choice so important?

Question 42

What compromises were necessary to bring about the London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829? How was Sir Robert Peel able to navigate the difficulties?

Question 43

Explain how "Jacksonian Democracy" was a change from the principles advocated by Jefferson. How might John Stuart Mill have felt about these changes?

Question 44

Why do you think that knowing about the historical developments in criminal justice and public service might be useful for the future?