Question 1

Just deserts theory proposes that punishment is&#10;A) the icing on the cake for bad behavior&#10;B) ineffective in changing behavior&#10;C)morally justified&#10;D) given to offenders only as a last resort&#10;E) particularly effective with drug offenders

Accepted Answer

Just deserts theory proposes that punishment is morally justified, as it is meant to provide retribution for an offender's wrongdoing. This theory holds that the punishment should fit the crime and that offenders should be held accountable for their actions. It is a retributive approach to justice that is based on the principle of proportionality.

Question 2

&#34;Get tough&#34; laws (e.g., three-strikes, truth-in-sentencing) have been associated with&#10;A) decreased general recidivism&#10;B) decreased violent recidivism&#10;C) increased violent recidivism&#10;D)higher prison populations&#10;E) fairer sentencing

Accepted Answer

"Get tough" laws are known for longer prison sentences, mandatory minimum sentences, and reduced parole or early release. Such laws lead to an increase in the prison population as more people are sentenced to longer prison terms, resulting in overcrowding and increased expenses for housing inmates.

Question 3

The meta-analysis by Smith, Goggin, and Gendreau (2002) on the effects of imprisonment on recidivism found&#10;A)a small increase in recidivism&#10;B) no impact on recidivism&#10;C) a very small decrease in recidivism that was of little practical significance&#10;D) a reduction of violent recidivism only&#10;E) decreases in recidivism in studies that compared community sanctions with prison sanctions

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis by Smith, Goggin, and Gendreau (2002) found that imprisonment was associated with a small increase in recidivism rates.

Question 4

A review of intermediate sanctions has found&#10;A) electronic monitoring programs to reduce recidivism&#10;B)reductions in recidivism when there is a treatment component&#10;C) Scared Straight programs sufficiently frighten delinquents from doing crime&#10;D) boot camps to be particularly effective in reducing recidivism&#10;E) that these programs reduce the recidivism of chronic offenders only

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that intermediate sanctions with a treatment component are more effective in reducing recidivism compared to punitive measures alone.

Question 5

According to the text, the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior is more likely when&#10;A) there is a short delay in punishment that allows the offender to think about what he or she has done&#10;B) the punishment is given by someone in authority&#10;C) there are no distractions and the offender is fully attentive&#10;D) the punishment is not very harsh because it could cause bad side effects&#10;E)the punishment immediately follows that behavior

Accepted Answer

The text states that punishment is more effective in suppressing behavior when it immediately follows the behavior. This means that there should be no delay in punishment for it to be effective. Choices A, B, C, and D are not directly supported by the text.

Question 6

Punishment can produce the following unintended effect(s)&#10;A)interfere with desirable behaviors&#10;B)increase anger toward the punisher&#10;C)teach aggressive behavior through modeling&#10;D)b and c only&#10;E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Punishment can indeed interfere with desirable behaviors by creating a general fear or anxiety that inhibits learning. It can also increase anger towards the punisher, as the recipient may feel resentment or hostility. Additionally, punishment can teach aggressive behavior through modeling, especially if the punishment is physical, demonstrating that aggression is an acceptable response to certain situations. Therefore, all of the listed effects are potential unintended consequences of punishment.

Question 7

Restorative justice&#10;A) is a new approach that is being tried with offenders who are of Native American or Aboriginal heritage&#10;B) is a movement trying to obtain more services to victims&#10;C) brings together victim, offender, and sometimes community members to settle on the best form of punishment for the offender&#10;D)views crime as a disruption in the relationship between those harmed by crime and the offender&#10;E) recognizes the importance of the state in giving out fair justice

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice views crime as a disruption in the relationship between those harmed by crime and the offender.

Question 8

Many restorative justice programs have the following features:&#10;A) face-to-face meetings between the offender and the victim&#10;B) the offender accepts responsibility for the crime&#10;C) victims and offenders decide on how amends can be made&#10;D) the offender has an opportunity to apologize to the victim&#10;E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above are common features in restorative justice programs. Face-to-face meetings, offender acknowledgment of responsibility, victim and offender input on amends, and the opportunity for the offender to apologize are all key components to repairing harm and restoring relationships between those affected by crime.

Question 9

The research on restorative justice shows&#10;A) high rates of satisfaction with the process from victims&#10;B) a small decrease in recidivism&#10;C) wide applicability to offenders and victims&#10;D)a and b only&#10;E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The research on restorative justice shows&#10;A) high...

Question 10

The positive impact of restorative justice on recidivism may be due to&#10;A)the inclusion of appropriate treatment for the offender&#10;B) the offender seeing how the crime has hurt the victim&#10;C) the victim forgiving the offender&#10;D) reconciliation between offender and victim&#10;E) restitution being paid to the victim

Accepted Answer

The answer of The positive impact of restorative justice on...

Deck 13: The Failed Experiment: Getting Tough on Crime