Question 1

Toussaint Louverture was&#10;A) a wealthy French planter&#10;B) born a free person of color&#10;C) born a slave&#10;D) born in Africa

Accepted Answer

Toussaint Louverture was born a slave in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) in the late 18th century.

Question 2

One of the main demands of the Saint Domingue revolt was&#10;A) economic equality&#10;B) abolition of slavery&#10;C) citizenship&#10;D) land ownership

Accepted Answer

The Saint Domingue revolt, also known as the Haitian Revolution, was a slave revolt aimed at abolishing slavery in the French colony of Saint Domingue, which later became Haiti. The main demand of the revolt was the abolition of slavery, which was eventually achieved in 1793. Although the revolt also included demands for economic and political rights, the abolition of slavery was the central demand of the revolution.

Question 3

The French financial crisis of the mid-18th century was caused in large part by&#10;A) industrial decline&#10;B) an inefficient democratic system&#10;C) continuous warfare&#10;D) overconsumption

Accepted Answer

The French financial crisis of the mid-18th century was caused by continuous warfare, particularly the Seven Years' War which lasted from 1756 to 1763. The cost of maintaining a large military, fighting in multiple theaters, and providing subsidies to allied powers drained the French treasury and contributed to a significant increase in public debt.

Question 4

The French public objected to abolishing tax exemptions because they&#10;A) supported the nobility&#10;B) were exempt themselves&#10;C) didn't want to tax the Church&#10;D) hated royal extravagance

Accepted Answer

The answer of The French public objected to abolishing tax...

Question 5

The French economy in the 18th century&#10;A) began to industrialize&#10;B) shrank&#10;C) grew and benefited all citizens&#10;D) grew but benefited only a few

Accepted Answer

The French economy in the 18th century did indeed see growth, but it primarily benefited only a small portion of the population. The growth was largely fueled by an increase in overseas trade and the emergence of a wealthy merchant class. However, a majority of the population saw little improvement in their economic standing, with many still struggling in poverty. Additionally, the French government's heavy taxation and military spending further exacerbated economic inequality.

Question 6

The Third Estate represented the&#10;A) commoners&#10;B) nobility&#10;C) clergy&#10;D) slaves

Accepted Answer

The Third Estate was made up of commoners in pre-revolutionary France, including peasants, artisans, and the bourgeoisie. They were the largest group in society but had limited political power compared to the nobility and clergy, leading to their demand for greater representation and equality which ultimately led to the French Revolution.

Question 7

The revolutionary document that outlined the basic rights and freedoms of Frenchmen was the&#10;A) Declaration of Independence&#10;B) Declaration of Freedom&#10;C) Constitution&#10;D) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Accepted Answer

The document that outlined the basic rights and freedoms of Frenchmen was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The Declaration of Independence is the document that declared the thirteen American colonies independent of Great Britain. The Declaration of Freedom and the Constitution are not specific to France and do not refer to this document.

Question 8

Radical Parisian supporters of the Revolution were called&#10;A) sans-culottes&#10;B) radicals&#10;C) sans-chausseurs&#10;D) Girondins

Accepted Answer

The term "sans-culottes" referred to radical Parisian supporters of the French Revolution who were typically working-class individuals and wore pants instead of the knee-length breeches that were fashionable among the upper classes at the time. They were known for their anti-monarchist and anti-aristocratic views and played a significant role in the events leading up to the Reign of Terror.

Question 9

The Austrian and Prussian invasion of France in 1793 sparked the creation of&#10;A) a new monarchy&#10;B) the Terror&#10;C) a moderate Republic&#10;D) Napoleon's empire

Accepted Answer

The invasion sparked fear and paranoia among the French people, leading to the rise of the radical and violent Committee of Public Safety and the implementation of the Reign of Terror. This was not a new monarchy, moderate Republic, or Napoleon's empire.

Question 10

Robespierre's strategy for defeating France's enemies was the levee en masse,&#10;A) conscripting a huge citizen army&#10;B) a return to knighthood&#10;C) highly trained small fighting forces&#10;D) development of a navy

Accepted Answer

The levee en masse was a policy that conscripted all able-bodied men into the French army, turning it into a massive citizen army. This allowed France to better defend itself against its enemies during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Question 11

Napoleon established a new French government via&#10;A) democratic elections&#10;B) coup d'etat&#10;C) papal appointment&#10;D) his inherited right to rule

Accepted Answer

The answer of Napoleon established a new French government via&#10;A)...

Question 12

The Napoleonic Code promised equality&#10;A) for all people&#10;B) for men of property&#10;C) for all men&#10;D) for all free people

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Napoleonic Code promised equality&#10;A) for all...

Question 13

One of the motivating factors behind resistance to Napoleon was&#10;A) the development of nationalism&#10;B) his growing insanity&#10;C) his military failures&#10;D) a desire to return to traditional monarchy

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the motivating factors behind resistance...

Question 14

Perhaps Napoleon's greatest mistake was&#10;A) the sale of Louisiana to the US&#10;B) the invasion of Britain&#10;C) freeing the slaves&#10;D) the invasion of Russia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Perhaps Napoleon's greatest mistake was&#10;A) the sale...

Question 15

What were the causes of the French Revolution? How was the Revolution rooted in both the Enlightenment and the practical problems of 18th century France?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the causes of the French...

Question 16

What problems with the Revolution led to the rise of Napoleon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What problems with the Revolution led to...

Question 17

In what ways was Napoleon a 'son of the Revolution', and in what ways was he just another absolute monarch?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways was Napoleon a 'son...

Deck 4: Science and Enlightenment, 1600-1789