Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)?&#10;A) body overgrowth&#10;B) hyperglycemia&#10;C) failure of the abdominal wall to close&#10;D) enlarged tongue

Accepted Answer

Children with BWS exhibit body overgrowth, failure of the abdominal wall to close, enlarged tongue, low blood sugar, and other physical characteristics.

Question 2

Which of the following is a true statement regarding chronic kidney disease and exercise?&#10;A) It is best to exercise on nondialysis days&#10;B) The most important independent quality of life predictor is the usual level of exercise activity.&#10;C) People on dialysis have a higher maximum metabolic equivalent (MET) level than the corresponding age-matched population.&#10;D) Individuals with chronic renal disease will benefit from stationary bicycle exercise at 80% to 90% of target heart rate.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with chronic renal disease benefit from stationary bicycle exercise protocols requiring exercise 3 times per week at intensities of 40% to 70% of target heart rate. Clients with renal disease will often have lower MET levels than their age-matched counterparts. Exercise can be performed on dialysis days or nondialysis days; this decision is usually left up to the client.

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered to be a classic symptom of renal cell carcinoma?&#10;A) flank pain&#10;B) blood in urine&#10;C) decreased urine output&#10;D) palpable abdominal mass

Accepted Answer

The classic triad of symptoms related to renal cell carcinoma is flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass.

Question 4

Which of the following would be an uncommon site for extraskeletal calcification associated with ESRD?&#10;A) coronary arteries&#10;B) large intestines&#10;C) lungs&#10;D) skin

Accepted Answer

The most common sites for extraskeletal calcification include the coronary arteries, lungs, skin, peripheral arteries, joints, and cornea.

Question 5

What type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)has the best survival rate?&#10;A) sporadic papillary RCC&#10;B) clear cell RCC&#10;C) metastatic papillary RCC&#10;D) metastatic clear cell RCC

Accepted Answer

Sporadic papillary RCC has a 5-year survival rate of almost 90%.

Question 6

What is the number one prevention strategy for bladder cancer?&#10;A) increasing consumption of fruits&#10;B) smoking cessation&#10;C) large fluid intake&#10;D) vitamins

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation is the number one prevention strategy for bladder cancer. There is evidence that the other choices are credible.

Question 7

Which of the following is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?&#10;A) acquired cystic disease&#10;B) cystic renal dysplasia&#10;C) polycystic kidney disease (PKD)&#10;D) single cysts

Accepted Answer

Although all the choices are subcategories of renal cystic disease, PKD is the leading cause of ESRD.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding aging and the renal system?&#10;A) There is a gradual increase of blood flow to the kidneys.&#10;B) There is a reduction of nephrons.&#10;C) There is a decrease in volume of urine.&#10;D) There is a tendency toward lesser renal vasoconstriction.

Accepted Answer

Aging is accompanied by a gradual reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, coupled with a reduction of nephrons. As a result, the kidneys become less efficient at removing waste from the blood, and the volume of urine increases somewhat with age. A tendency toward greater renal vasoconstriction in the older adult is evident.

Question 9

A patient is beginning a pelvic floor strengthening program secondary to urinary incontinence.Which of the following muscles is inappropriate to strengthen during this intervention?&#10;A) gluteus medius&#10;B) pelvic diaphragm&#10;C) urogenital diaphragm&#10;D) external sphincter muscle

Accepted Answer

Restoring normal pelvic floor strength and bladder control is essential before performing vigorous physical activity. The physical therapist assistant (PTA) is very instrumental in teaching the contraction of the appropriate muscles without contraction in the anal area or of the gluteal muscles and with complete relaxation of the pelvic muscles between contractions.

Question 10

A radical cystectomy is not indicated for a cancerous bladder tumor in which of the following stages?&#10;A) stage I&#10;B) stage II&#10;C) stage III&#10;D) stage IV

Accepted Answer

Stage 0 and I tumors are treated with transurethral reception followed by intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

Question 11

At what stage of chronic kidney disease will levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)first begin to increase?&#10;A) stage I&#10;B) stage II&#10;C) stage III&#10;D) stage IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what stage of chronic kidney disease...

Question 12

Which of the following muscles are first affected with weakness associated with ESRD?&#10;A) triceps&#10;B) quadriceps&#10;C) gastrocnemius&#10;D) gluteus medius

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following muscles are first...

Question 13

Which patient population is at risk for a urinary tract infection due to the dilation of the upper urinary system?&#10;A) young females&#10;B) females in a long-term care setting&#10;C) middle-age females&#10;D) pregnant women

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which patient population is at risk for...

Question 14

At what stage of chronic kidney disease is an individual most likely to exhibit asterixis?&#10;A) stage II&#10;B) stage III&#10;C) stage IV&#10;D) stage V

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what stage of chronic kidney disease...

Question 15

Which of the following types of urinary incontinence is marked by a sudden unexpected urge to urinate and then the uncontrolled loss of urine?&#10;A) functional incontinence&#10;B) stress incontinence&#10;C) hyperreflexive bladder&#10;D) overflow incontinence

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of urinary...

Question 16

What patient population is most likely to exhibit mental status changes with a UTI?&#10;A) young females&#10;B) young males&#10;C) middle-age females&#10;D) elderly females

Accepted Answer

The answer of What patient population is most likely to...

Question 17

Which of the following is the least likely cause of chronic kidney disease?&#10;A) excessive aspirin use&#10;B) diabetes&#10;C) hypertension&#10;D) glomerulonephritis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the least...

Question 18

Which of the following laboratory levels will be lower for an individual with ESRD?&#10;A) hemoglobin&#10;B) potassium&#10;C) creatinine&#10;D) BUN

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following laboratory levels will...

Question 19

Which of the following types of renal calculi is caused by recurrent bacterial UTIs?&#10;A) calcium stones&#10;B) struvite stones&#10;C) uric acid stones&#10;D) cystine stones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of renal...

Question 20

Which of the following bacteria are most often implicated in ascending UTIs?&#10;A) Escherichia coli&#10;B) Proteus&#10;C) Klebsiella&#10;D) Enterobacter

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following bacteria are most...

Deck 30: The Renal and Urologic Systems