Deck 4: Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

In psychosis, negative symptoms include:

A) hallucinations.
B) lack of drive, motivation, emotional expression and spontaneous speech.
C) delusions.
D) mistrust of others.
E) anxiety.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The hallucinations reported by people with schizophrenia are most often:

A) auditory (hearing).
B) visual (sight).
C) olfactory (smell).
D) tactile (touch).
E) gustatory (taste).

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Negative symptoms in psychosis are easily confused with:

A) symptoms of depression.
B) adverse medication effects.
C) laziness.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The use of 'schizophrenia' as a diagnosis has been challenged because:

A) it leads to stigma and distress in clients.
B) there is a large overlap between schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
C) psychotic phenomena occur in the general population.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the prodromal phase of a psychotic disorder?

A) the period of normality before any mental problems occur
B) the gradual period of deterioration in mental status, before the onset of acute symptoms of psychosis
C) the period during which acute symptoms of psychosis occur
D) the early recovery period
E) the relapse period

Question 6

The Zubin and Spring stress vulnerability model of causes of psychosis suggests that vulnerability to psychotic illness:

A) is biological but not psychosocial.
B) is psychosocial but not biological.
C) can include both psychosocial and biological factors.
D) is independent of psychosocial and biological factors.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 7

Narrow definitions of psychosis require only the presence of:

A) manic episodes.
B) thought disorder.
C) hallucinations and delusions.
D) disorganised behaviour.
E) negative symptoms.

Question 8

Eugene Bleuler invented the term 'schizophrenia' referring to:

A) the loosening of connections between thought structures.
B) split personality, which he believed was common in this illness.
C) the social stigma which is commonly experienced.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 9

Large-scale surveys suggest that psychotic experiences are:

A) very rare in the general population.
B) normally distributed across the general population.
C) very common in the general population.
D) common among those of higher socioeconomic status.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of individuals who return home to a family with high expressed emotion after a psychotic episode?

A) They are more likely than others to relapse.
B) They receive high levels of emotional support from their families.
C) They are more likely than others to relapse and they receive high levels of emotional support from their families.
D) They neither are more likely than others to relapse nor receive high levels of emotional support from their families.
E) They are less likely than others to relapse.

Question 11

Morrison (2001) proposed a cognitive model for the development of positive symptoms of psychosis. The key component is:

A) social learning in stressful environments.
B) cognitive impairment leading to poor problem-solving abilities.
C) negative feedback of stress hormones in the brain.
D) how intrusions into consciousness are interpreted.
E) problems with emotion recognition.

Question 12

During treatment of an acute episode of psychosis, medication is likely to:

A) eliminate positive symptoms.
B) eliminate negative symptoms.
C) eliminate tardive dyskinesia.
D) result in weight loss.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 13

For people with long-term psychosis and persistent positive symptoms, provision of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as well as medication is likely to:

A) reduce psychotic symptoms during CBT treatment.
B) have long-term benefits after CBT treatment ceases.
C) reduce psychotic symptoms during CBT treatment and have long-term benefits after CBT treatment ceases.
D) neither reduce psychotic symptoms during CBT treatment nor have long-term benefits after CBT treatment ceases.
E) reduce psychotic symptoms but have no long-term benefits after CBT treatment ceases.

Question 14

The Consumer Recovery Model of psychosis and serious mental illness focuses on the:

A) need for consumers to 'shop around' until they have the right doctor.
B) need for more information about antipsychotic medication.
C) need for 24-hour access to mobile crisis teams.
D) importance of doctors' decision making in the treatment process.
E) rights, choices and individuality of people with mental illnesses.

Question 15

Psychotic delusions are usually categorised in terms of their:

A) sensory modality.
B) content and plausibility/bizarreness.
C) persistence.
D) response to treatment.
E) frequency.

Question 16

Thought disorder is:

A) only found in psychotic disorders.
B) rare in psychotic disorders.
C) belief in mindreading ability.
D) the belief that one's thoughts can be heard by others.
E) a disturbance in the coherence and sequencing of thought.

Question 17

Use of cannabis by people with psychosis:

A) increases their rate of relapse.
B) reduces their symptoms of psychosis.
C) increases their rate of relapse and reduces their symptoms of psychosis.
D) does not increase their rate of relapse nor reduce their symptoms of psychosis.
E) does not increase their rate of relapse but does reduce their symptoms of psychosis.

Question 18

Which of these is not a first rank symptom of schizophrenia, according to Schneider's classification system?

A) bizarre delusions including passivity phenomena
B) elevated mood
C) hearing voices arguing
D) hearing voices commenting on the individual's actions
E) All of the given options are first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 19

Psychotic illnesses are more prevalent:

A) in developing nations than in developed nations.
B) in people born in rural settings rather than in urban settings.
C) in migrants than in non-migrants.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 20

The strongest research support for the existence of a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia comes from:

A) twin studies.
B) family studies.
C) research into the role of neurotransmitters.
D) research into structural brain abnormalities.
E) adoption studies.

Question 21

The new 'psychosis risk syndrome' proposed, but not adoptedin the DSM-5, is a less-severe form of psychosis. It was controversial because:

A) it duplicated an already existing disorder, prodromal schizophrenia.
B) some clinicians may raise their threshold for prescribing antipsychotic medication.
C) of the potential stigma associated with the term psychosis.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following is a change for psychotic disorders in the DSM-5?

A) the addition of a new catatonic subtype
B) the addition of Schneider's concept of first-rank symptoms
C) the addition of the schizoaffective disorder diagnosis
D) the removal of the schizoaffective disorder diagnosis
E) the removal of all of the subtypes

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of catatonia?

A) It is less responsive to treatment for schizophrenia.
B) It is more responsive to treatment for schizophrenia.
C) It may have an underlying neurobiological basis separate from other psychotic symptoms.
D) Catatonic symptoms may have been decreasing in prevalence over the last 50 years.
E) The presence of catatonic symptoms is associated with an earlier age of onset and poorer overall functioning.

Question 24

A longitudinal New Zealand study has supported the theory that cannabis may:

A) trigger psychosis in young people with a specific genetic profile.
B) trigger the use of cannabis in young people with a specific genetic profile.
C) trigger psychosis in young people regardless of genetic profile.
D) reduce the risk of psychosis in young people with a specific genetic profile.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 25

During the early recovery phase of psychosis:

A) problems with depression and social anxiety may emerge.
B) patients express that they were traumatised by their experience of psychosis.
C) patients may either respond defensively to the past experience of psychosis or try to make sense of their experiences.
D) family members may remain distressed and worried.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 26

Which is not a typical symptom of catatonia?

A) catalepsy
B) echolalia
C) echopraxia
D) anhedonia
E) waxy flexibility

Question 27

Some research suggests that excessive dopaminergic activity in schizophrenia is linked with:

A) positive symptoms.
B) negative symptoms.
C) waxy flexibility.
D) anhedonia.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 28

Formal thought disorder includes the following except:

A) lack of coherence of thought.
B) circumstantiality.
C) catalepsy.
D) derailment.
E) echolalia.

Question 29

The risk of further episodes of psychosis within the first 5 years after treatment is associated with all of the following except:

A) discontinuation of medication.
B) alogia.
C) poor premorbid history.
D) high expressed emotion in interpersonal relationships.
E) substance abuse.

Question 30

An individual with two parents diagnosed with schizophrenia may have a greater risk of developing the disorder. This suggests that:

A) the disorder is genetically determined.
B) the disorder is the result of learned behaviour.
C) the disorder may be an interaction between genetics and learning.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 31

An individual with schizophrenia who believes that the television newsreader is sending coded messages to them is demonstrating what type of delusion?

A) grandiose delusion
B) narcissistic delusion
C) delusion of reference
D) paranoid delusion
E) nihilistic delusion

Question 32

The dimensional approach to psychosis argues that:

A) psychotic diagnoses represent arbitrarily defined categories.
B) psychotic experiences are normally distributed across the population.
C) there is no clear cut off point between those diagnosed with schizophrenia and those who are not.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 33

A serious side effect of neuroleptic medication is:

A) anhedonia.
B) worsening of positive symptoms.
C) worsening of negative symptoms.
D) tardive dyskinesia.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 34

Some evidence suggests that the risk of suicide may have increased in people diagnosed with schizophrenia over the past 100 years. Possible reasons for this are the following except:

A) a move away from institutionalisation.
B) side effects of antipsychotic medications.
C) effects of withdrawal from antipsychotic medication.
D) high levels of anxiety in people with schizophrenia.
E) brief hospital admissions as opposed to long-term admissions as occurred in the past.

Question 35

A neologism is:

A) a type of delusion.
B) a type of disorganised behaviour.
C) a false word.
D) a new symptom.
E) a clang association.