Deck 12: Human Rights: a Tool for Preserving and Enhancing Human Dignity

Question 1

In which year was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

A) 1917
B) 1948
C) 1905
D) 1776

Answer 1

1948

Question 2

According to the chapter, the Human Rights language emerged with the development of ______________.

A) the European Enlightenment
B) the American Revolution
C) World War II
D) the Rwandan Genocide

Answer 2

the European Enlightenment

Question 3

Proscriptive rights refer to .

A) rights held by corporations
B) rights that focus on political freedoms
C) rights that focus on civil liberties
D) policies and actions that governments cannot do to groups

Answer 3

policies and actions that governments cannot do to groups

Question 4

Natural rights were articulated by .

A) Joseph Joubert
B) Huig de Groot
C) Hannah Arendt
D) John Locke

Question 5

Rights that focus on civil liberties and political freedoms are considered to be .

A) second-generation rights
B) negative rights
C) first-generation rights
D) prescriptive rights

Question 6

On the categorization of rights into positive and negative, Henry Shue argues that .

A) such categories are artificial and problematic
B) such categories help us better understand the hierarchy of rights
C) such categories lead to better enforcement of rights
D) such categories are further broken into prescriptive and proscriptive rights

Question 7

Discrimination based on gender is a breach of rights.

A) proscriptive
B) economic and social
C) prescriptive
D) group

Question 8

The obligation to respect civil liberties and political freedoms extends to all of these except for ____________.

A) corporations
B) animals
C) organizations
D) private individuals

Question 9

Third-generation rights focus on the __________________ of rights.

A) religious aspects
B) cultural aspects
C) communal aspects
D) intergovernmental aspects

Question 10

The following are examples of group rights except for _________________.

A) the right to intervention
B) the right to a clean environment
C) the right to economic development
D) the right to self-determination

Question 11

suggested that the most productive way to think about human rights is that they are supposed to serve basic human needs.

A) John Locke
B) Johan Galtung
C) Jack Donnelly
D) Henry Shue

Question 12

Jack Donnelly's "possession paradox" refers to ________.

A) rights held by individuals who are part of a group
B) the controversiality of cultural rights
C) the failure to recognize a right until it is denied
D) military interventions under the guise of humanitarianism

Question 13

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of rights and the basic human needs they serve?

A) the right to establish emotional bonds with others AND identity needs - to avoid alienation
B) the right to receive and express opinions AND freedom needs - to avoid repression
C) the right to deny entry to refugees AND economic needs - to avoid deprivation
D) the right of individuals and groups to be free from violence AND survival needs - to avoid violence

Question 14

According to the chapter, which rights are the least institutionalized?

A) negative rights
B) first-generation rights
C) second-generation rights
D) third-generation rights

Question 15

In 2017, Chinese human rights lawyers sued the government over .

A) air pollution
B) the right to work
C) child labor laws
D) the rights of a second child

Question 16

The ___________ is the most far-reaching and foundational legal expression of human rights.

A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B) Bill of Rights
C) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
D) United Nations

Question 17

The Bill of Rights is made up of agreements.

A) thirty
B) ten
C) fourteen
D) three

Question 18

How many principles are in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A) 54
B) 30
C) 10
D) 98

Question 19

Which of the following rights is not in the Declaration?

A) cultural
B) economic
C) political
D) environmental

Question 20

In which year was the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted?

A) 1948
B) 1966
C) 1972
D) 1984

Question 21

Which of the following have become influential in naming and shaming major human rights violations?

A) MNCs
B) IGOs
C) NGOs
D) WMDs

Question 22

Which of the following treaties has the U.S. ratified?

A) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
B) Convention on the Rights of the Child
C) International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
D) Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

Question 23

The European Convention on Human Rights was developed by the .

A) U.N.
B) European Union
C) Council of Europe
D) European League

Question 24

To date, how many states have ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment?

A) 155
B) 45
C) 70
D) 52

Question 25

According to the chapter, the implementation of human rights obligations is entirely on .

A) nations
B) the international community
C) NGOs
D) INGOs

Question 26

The UNHCR was created in _______ to help European refugees.

A) 1945
B) 1966
C) 1950
D) 1917

Question 27

Which of the following is true about the role of the Universal Periodic Review?

A) It reviews and appoints member states to the U.N. Security Council.
B) It holds discussions, reviews, and passes sentences on individuals accused of human rights violations.
C) It reviews and makes decisions on foreign interventions.
D) It reviews and holds discussions with states about their human rights records.

Question 28

According to the chapter, which of the following is not true?

A) The U.S. says that torture can be justified.
B) Respect for human rights of physical integrity is statistically associated with fewer terrorist attacks.
C) The U.S. has signed and ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
D) Torture has proven to be effective in reducing insurgent perpetrated killings.

Question 29

Which of the following is not the role of NGOs in promoting human rights?

A) They promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.
B) They monitor and appoint member states to various international human rights bodies.
C) They increase public awareness of human rights issues.
D) They conduct research in the field of human rights.

Question 30

Which of the following entities is responsible for monitoring human rights treaties?

A) UDHR
B) OHCHR
C) CEDAW
D) UNHRC

Question 31

From which of these has the U.S. recently withdrawn?

A) UNHRC
B) ECOSOC
C) ECLAC
D) ICCPR

Question 32

According to the UN High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) 2018 report, the number of displaced people is now over _________________.

A) 80 million
B) 30 million
C) 49.5 million
D) 68.5 million

Question 33

It is estimated that there are about __________________ refugees globally.

A) 19.9 million
B) 40.2 million
C) 30.3 million
D) 52.5 million

Question 34

Which of the following is not a second-generation right?

A) economic subsistence
B) political freedoms
C) education
D) nutrition

Question 35

Which of the following is the most holistic approach to human rights?

A) third-generation rights
B) second-generation rights
C) first-generation rights.
D) fourth-generation rights

Question 36

According to the chapter, _______________ of world's twenty most polluted cities are in China.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 16
D) 12

Question 37

The average life expectancy of Chinese inhabitants has decreased by _________ mainly due to air pollution.

A) 5.5 years
B) 3.4 years
C) 2 years
D) 6.2 years

Question 38

According to the chapter, in the USSR, Stalin killed over ___________ people.

A) 30 million
B) 20 million
C) 25 million
D) 10 million

Question 39

Which one of the following atrocities united the international community in groundbreaking ways to prevent genocide from ever occurring again?

A) The Holocaust
B) The Armenian Genocide
C) The Rwandan genocide
D) the Bosnian genocide

Question 40

Madres of the Plaza del Mayo were an association of ____________ whose children were "disappeared" by the military dictatorship between 1976 and 1983.

A) Colombian mothers
B) Mexican working mothers
C) Argentinean mothers
D) Venezuelan mothers

Question 41

Which of the following is considered a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations"?

A) third-generations rights
B) the UNHCR
C) the covenant
D) the UDHR

Question 42

Globally, there has been in the achievement of rights.

A) stagnation
B) improvement
C) decline
D) slow decline

Question 43

Which of the following is not considered a third-generation right?

A) right to economic development
B) right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
C) right to clean environment
D) right to self-determination

Question 44

Which of the following rights closely relates to identity needs?

A) the right to establish and maintain emotional bonds with others
B) the right to assemble with others
C) the right of individuals and groups to be free from violence
D) the right to receive and express opinions

Question 45

According to the chapter, cultural relativism _________.

A) is considered an extension of universalism
B) only applies to non-western countries
C) asserts that human rights are normative values appropriate to the cultures out of which they emerge
D) maintains that human rights trump culture

Question 46

The Vienna World Conference on Human Rights took place in _______.

A) 2001
B) 1945
C) 1993
D) 1985

Question 47

Some feminists argue that is not treated with the same seriousness and commitment as other issues.

A) opioid crisis
B) terrorism
C) domestic violence
D) gun rights

Question 48

According to the chapter, which of these is NOT a function of the UNHRC?

A) Conducting independent inquiries e. g., into the use of chemical weapons attacks by the Assad regime.
B) Providing the global community with up-to-date information on human rights abuses.
C) Advancing human rights by engaging in dialogue and monitoring its implementation.
D) Placing sanctions on countries that violate human rights, especially as it relates to refugees and other displaced peoples.

Question 49

Which of the following bodies do states submit their human rights reports to?

A) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
B) Universal Periodic Review
C) United Nations Security Council
D) League of Europe

Question 50

A treaty among European powers to abolish the global slave trade was in .

A) 1890
B) 1905
C) 1945
D) 1648

Question 51

According to the 2018 Freedom House report, which of the following is not a basic tenet of democracy?

A) freedom of press
B) rights of minorities
C) right of the international community to intervene in elections
D) free and fair elections

Question 52

The anti-sweatshop movement can be traced back to _________.

A) the early 1990s
B) the early 1970s
C) the late 1950s
D) 1945, immediately after World War II

Question 53

Which one of these was not a criticism of the Invisible Children campaign?

A) It was an over-simplification of the Ugandan conflict.
B) It capitalized on the power of social media to reach out to a broader audience.
C) It placed an emphasis on punitive justice for the perpetrator.
D) It had a lack of local voice or perspective.

Question 54

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) initiative .

A) provides a framework for action obligating states to intervene in cases where massive human rights abuses are occurring
B) argues that human rights are normative values appropriate to the cultures out of which they emerge
C) is considered a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations
D) focuses on the communal aspects of being human

Question 55

According to the chapter, the U.N.'s Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict estimates that there are at least child soldiers worldwide.

A) a million
B) 2.5 million
C) half a million
D) 250,000

Question 56

According to the chapter, human rights measurements focus on all of the following, except for ____________.

A) climate data
B) socioeconomic statistics
C) events
D) standards

Question 57

Child soldiers are pervasive inside armed groups in these countries, except for .

A) Philippines
B) Guatemala
C) Syria
D) South Sudan

Question 58

According to the chapter, an estimated of all child soldiers are girls.

A) 35%
B) 40%
C) 65%
D) 50%

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a challenge in collecting qualitative and quantitative information for human rights assessments?

A) cultural homogeneity
B) information bias
C) underreporting
D) lack of consistency in interpreting human rights

Question 60

Measuring women's rights based on the increasing number of women in the workforce worldwide ____________.

A) shows that there is more empowerment
B) underscores the fact that women have more control over how they spend their money
C) considers income disparity between men and women
D) does not highlight better working conditions for women worldwide

Question 61

According to the chapter, there are approximately ____________ people globally who are victims of human trafficking.

A) 27 million
B) 275,000
C) 40.3 million
D) 0.8 million

Question 62

Which of the following is not a student-led human rights campaign?

A) 1999 Iranian protests
B) Tiananmen Square in 1989
C) Madres of the Plaza del Mayo
D) Apartheid divestment

Question 63

In early 2012, Amnesty International encouraged their student groups to participate and take action as a part of .

A) anti-trafficking month
B) Death Penalty Awareness Week
C) the anti-sweatshop movement
D) the Occupy movement

Question 64

According to the chapter, Amnesty International student campaigns in the U.S. are currently focused on .

A) equal pay for women workers
B) the rights of a child
C) abolishing sweatshops
D) gun violence

Question 65

With examples, describe key characteristics of Human Rights.

Question 66

In what ways are first and second-generation rights different?

Question 67

According to Johan Galtung (1994), human rights are supposed to serve human needs.

Question 68

In 100 words, describe progressive realization of Human Rights, as explained in the chapter.

Question 69

Describe and give examples of how elite actors play a role in promoting human rights.

Question 70

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and why does it matter?

Question 71

Despite its overwhelming passage, the UDHR is not legally binding.

Question 72

Describe the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

Question 73

Describe the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).

Question 74

What is the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT)?

Question 75

Reflect on the Trump administration's policy of separating children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border.

Question 76

Reflect on the relationship between IGOs, NGOs, and human rights.

Question 77

Reflect on the role of customary law in global politics.

Question 78

Discuss the impact of sweatshops.

Question 79

What is the value of measuring and reporting human rights?

Question 80

Using specific examples, explain universalism as a characteristic of human rights.