Deck 7: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

Throughout history, juveniles have received special attention and protection.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

____________ was a refusal to enforce the law and sanctions against children.

A) Nullification
B) Abatement
C) Swaddling
D) Expungement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The concept of childhood began to emerge in the

A) 14th-15th centuries.
B) 16th-17th centuries.
C) 18th century.
D) Dark ages.
E) none of the above.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The beginnings of the juvenile justice system are found in policy changes directed at dealing with

A) emerging gangs.
B) overcrowded jails.
C) poverty.
D) education.

Question 5

The first house of refuge was established in

A) Boston in 1807.
B) Philadelphia in 1845.
C) New York in 1825.
D) Chicago in 1899.

Question 6

Reformatories followed a basic prison design holding large numbers of youths.

Question 7

Reformatories differed from houses of refuge in all but which of the following ways?

A) They handled only youths.
B) They followed a cottage format.
C) They did not emphasize religion.
D) They took a family orientation.

Question 8

The new juvenile court had jurisdiction over only youths aged 15 and younger who had committed a criminal offense.

Question 9

____________ outlined the appropriate response with juveniles to nurture, protect, and train the youths so that they could make decisions and avoid problems.

A) Mens rea
B) Actus reus
C) Parens patriae
D) Corpus delicti

Question 10

The basis for parens patriae and the juvenile court can be seen in the

A) English Magistrate's Court.
B) English Bow Street Court.
C) English Chancery Court.
D) French Pubescent Court.

Question 11

Ex parte Crouse (1838) ruled

A) against parens patriae and in favor of parental rights.
B) in favor of parens patriae and the state's right to intervene.
C) due process is not necessary in juvenile proceedings.
D) parens patriae is unconstitutional.

Question 12

The Supreme Court case in which Justice Fortas said "there may be grounds for concern that the child receives the worst of both worlds: that he gets neither the protections accorded to adults nor the solicitous care and regenerative treatment postulated for children" was

A) Ex parte Crouse.
B) Kent v. US.
C) In re Gault.
D) Commonwealth v. Fisher.

Question 13

The maximum age for a juvenile is age eighteen.

Question 14

Standard Juvenile Court Act clauses focus on the needs of all parties involved, including the youth and the victims.

Question 15

Provisions whereby the juvenile system can retain jurisdiction over an individual who was adjudicated in the system but has since passed the age of majority are called status offender statutes.

Question 16

_______________ is a process whereby someone who is legally a juvenile is determined to be beyond the help of the juvenile justice system and sent to the adult criminal court process to handle the youth and protect society.

A) Waiver
B) Youthful offender rules
C) Binding over
D) Once/always provisions

Question 17

Youths comprise between ______ of all arrested individuals.

A) 5 and 15%
B) 25 and 35%
C) 40 and 50%
D) 50 and 70%

Question 18

Self-report measures of delinquency, such as the Short-Nye scale, are criticized for

A) addressing minority crime.
B) measuring only status offenses.
C) addressing male offending over female offending.
D) focusing on minor offenses.

Question 19

A good example of a self-report survey that includes serious offenses is

A) Dentler-Monroe.
B) NIBRS.
C) National Youth Survey.
D) NORC Survey.

Question 20

The ____________ decision considers whether the juvenile will appear at a later date, whether he is a threat to others, and whether he is in danger himself.

A) bail
B) arraignment
C) disposition
D) detention

Question 21

Nonsecure detention includes all but which of the following?

A) Group homes
B) Release on recognizance
C) Foster care
D) Halfway houses

Question 22

Under a token economy, youths only receive a token punishment for their transgressions.

Question 23

___________ means that the youths will be required to participate in something short of a court procedure.

A) Diversion
B) Informal adjustment
C) Pretrial adjudication
D) Shock probation

Question 24

The ____________ is the juvenile system's counterpart to filing charges or a grand jury indictment in the adult system.

A) intake decision
B) bail decision
C) arraignment hearing
D) adjudication hearing

Question 25

Teen courts rely on youths to act as judges, attorneys, and jury members and can only sentence offenders to probation.

Question 26

Legislative waiver means that the state legislature has determined that certain offenses or circumstances warrant invoking the adult criminal process and mandates that the case be heard in the adult court.

Question 27

Reverse waiver, where the adult court can return a waived youth to the juvenile system for processing, has been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Question 28

The ____________ is the equivalent to a sentence in an adult court.

A) commitment
B) disposition
C) adjudication
D) detention

Question 29

Plea bargaining is the norm in the majority of juvenile court cases.

Question 30

Under blended sentencing, the court imposes dispositions that rely on both ___________ and ____________

A) fines and imprisonment
B) electronic monitoring and house arrest
C) juvenile system and adult system
D) probation and corporal punishment

Question 31

In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court ruled that there is no need for a jury trial to ensure fairness.

Question 32

____________ ruled that youths have the right to review evidence, have counsel, and have a hearing before being waived to adult court.

A) In re Gault
B) McKeiver v Pennsylvania
C) Kent v U.S.
D) In re Winship

Question 33

The case In re Winship ruled that youths who may be sentenced to confinement must be held to the __________________ standard.

A) preponderance of evidence
B) clear and convincing evidence
C) proof beyond a reasonable doubt
D) M'Naughton

Question 34

___________ are the juvenile justice system's equivalent to adult prisons.

A) Reformatories
B) Houses of refuge
C) State training schools
D) Detention

Question 35

Behavior modification is used ostensibly to teach youths about proper behavior through a system that rewards positive behavior and punishes poor behavior.

Question 36

_____________ are short-term programs that are supposed to handle first-time, non-violent offenders and are operated on a military model, with strict rules and discipline, physical training and conditioning, and counseling and education.

A) Wilderness experience
B) Boot camps
C) Day-evening institutions
D) Restorative camps

Question 37

Boot camps are also known as

A) shock incarceration.
B) scared straight.
C) diversion.
D) intermediate sanction.

Question 38

The underlying idea to wilderness experience is to build self-esteem and show the youths that hard work and perseverance pay off.

Question 39

A major component of the 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act was to

A) ensure imprisonment for felony offenders.
B) remove status offenders from any form of secure confinement.
C) promote restitution for all property offenses.
D) provide attorneys for all youths in court.

Question 40

Parole in the juvenile system is called

A) diversion.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) aftercare.
D) reentry.

Question 41

The ________________ claims that society responds to group transgressions more than to individual violations.

A) group hazard hypothesis
B) GREAT problem
C) gang hypothesis
D) enhancement problem

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a common element of gang definitions?

A) Criminal activity
B) Written rules and regulations
C) A hierarchy or leadership structure
D) Common name or symbol.

Question 43

________________ sought to deter behavior by taking a zero-tolerance response with regard to any transgressions by any member of a gang.

A) GREAT
B) Aggression replacement
C) Pulling levers
D) ACT

Question 44

______________________ place gang workers into the community and free them from heavy paperwork and administrative responsibilities.

A) GREAT
B) Detached worker programs
C) ART
D) Social work

Question 45

The Boston Gun Project relied on an approach known as

A) pulling levers.
B) zero tolerance.
C) interagency cooperation.
D) hot spot policing.

Question 46

_________________ includes family members, close friends, and other support groups of the victims and offenders in the restorative conferences.

A) Family group conference
B) Circle sentencing
C) Victim offender mediation
D) GREAT

Question 47

____________ can be used to control or eliminate locations gang members frequent or own.

A) VOM
B) Civil abatement procedures
C) Detached worker programs
D) Pulling levers

Question 48

The legal status of the death penalty for youthful offenders was overturned in the case

A) Roper, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center v. Simmons.
B) Stanford v KY.
C) Breed v Jones.
D) In re Winship.

Question 49

List the key terms used in the juvenile court along with their adult court equivalents.

Question 50

List the important cases in the development of parens patriae and briefly tell about each.

Question 51

Identify the different ways to define delinquency.

Question 52

Define and describe the actions of teen and drug courts.

Question 53

List and define at least 4 forms of waiver.

Question 54

List the 4 major Supreme Court cases for juvenile justice and provide the primary decision in each.

Question 55

What is meant by a "criminalized juvenile court"? Explain what this would look like.