Deck 6: Community Corrections

Question 1

Probation was started in 1841 by

A) Alexander Maconochie.
B) John Augustus.
C) Robert Peel.
D) Zebulon Brockway.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Parole can trace its beginnings to the work of

A) Augustus.
B) Brockway.
C) Maconochie.
D) Peel.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The policies implemented by Maconochie and Crofton were rooted in a penal philosophy emphasizing ________________ that held prominence among many leading American prison experts.

A) individual reform
B) harsh punishment
C) religious salvation
D) hard work

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most common form of community correctional supervision is

A) probation.
B) house arrest.
C) parole.
D) work release.

Question 5

New sentencing options that are less expensive than incarceration but more punitive than regular probation are often referred to as

A) work release sanction.
B) day reporting centers.
C) intermediate sanctions.
D) parole.

Question 6

The stated goals of intermediate sanctions include all but which of the following?

A) Decreasing costs
B) Increasing offender accountability
C) Increasing the number of offenders under supervision
D) Increasing rehabilitative effectiveness

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of ISP?

A) Closer supervision
B) Less restrictive conditions
C) More contacts
D) Smaller caseloads

Question 8

______________ is a specified period of time during which offenders may not leave their places of residence except for previously approved activities.

A) Home confinement
B) Work release
C) Probation
D) Community supervision

Question 9

_____________ use satellite technology to monitor the specific location of offenders and communicate that information to a computer monitoring system.

A) Global Positioning Systems
B) Programmable contact bracelets
C) Continuous signal devices
D) Pagers

Question 10

Common features of day reporting centers include all but which of the following?

A) Nonresidential
B) Include rehabilitation and treatment programs
C) Less frequent reporting than probation
D) Location for court-ordered activities

Question 11

The most important investigation conducted by probation officers is the court-ordered

A) psychological assessment.
B) presentence investigation.
C) parole assessment.
D) criminal history assessment.

Question 12

Most evaluations have found ____________recidivism between similar offenders who receive intermediate sanctions versus those who receive either probation or imprisonment.

A) higher rates of
B) similar rates of
C) lower rates of

Question 13

Determinate sentencing models have created a period of supervision for released prisoners called _______________

A) supervised release.
B) parole.
C) expiration of sentence.
D) house arrest.

Question 14

Approximately ______% of released prisoners are rearrested for serious misdemeanors or felonies within three years of release, and one-half of released prisoners return to prison within three years.

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 75

Question 15

Activities and programs designed to assist offenders in adjusting to a law-abiding lifestyle after returning to the community from prison describes

A) probation.
B) prisoner reentry.
C) diversion.
D) restoration.

Question 16

The traditional purposes of community supervision can be described as

A) social defense and reintegration.
B) retribution and utilitarianism.
C) decarceration and protection of the community.
D) protection of the community and social control.
E) protection of the community and rehabilitation of the offender.

Question 17

A condition of probation to attend sex offender counseling is an example of what type of condition?

A) Regular condition
B) Standard condition
C) Punitive condition
D) Special condition

Question 18

What is the major difference between a day reporting center (DRC) and a community correctional facility (CCF)?

A) Offenders typically reside at the DRC but only report to the CCF as required.
B) Only CCF programs provide services at the facility.
C) Offenders do not reside at a DRC but report there on a very frequent basis.
D) DRC programs are primarily for parolees.

Question 19

Which of the following is most accurate statement about violations of supervision?

A) Violations of community supervision (probation and parole) are equally likely across offenders' entire time under supervision.
B) The failure rate for offenders is highest during the first six months of supervision.
C) Offenders are more likely to violate toward the end of their supervision.
D) All of the above

Question 20

Parole is most closely associated with what type of sentencing system?

A) Indeterminate sentencing
B) Sentencing guidelines
C) Determinate sentencing
D) Proportional punishment systems

Question 21

The first paid probation position was created by the New York legislature.

Question 22

Mental-health courts often utilize a problem-solving and team approach to participant services and supervision.

Question 23

Restorative justice is suitable only for community settings and under the supervision of community corrections.

Question 24

Intermediate sanctions represent only a small fraction of all offenders sentenced to community supervision.

Question 25

Resources dedicated to rehabilitation efforts typically suffer most during periods of budget problems.

Question 26

Residential programs that serve as temporary housing for released inmates as they adjust to living in the community are referred to as halfway houses.

Question 27

Boot camps may be used as an early release program for younger inmates or may be an intermediate sanction for offenders sentenced by a court.

Question 28

Diversion programs offer offenders the opportunity to temporarily halt the prosecution effort against them.

Question 29

Probation officers always treat new offense violations more seriously than technical violations.

Question 30

There is a fairly standardized response to probation violations, with little variation across officers.

Question 31

Programs that include both surveillance and treatment appear to have the highest success rates.

Question 32

Discuss the typical level of supervision of offenders on regular probation.

Question 33

Define net widening and how it occurs.

Question 34

List the advantages of ISP.

Question 35

Compare and contrast programmed contact and continuous signal EMS devices.

Question 36

Discuss the idea of boot camps.

Question 37

Distinguish between standard conditions and special conditions of supervision.

Question 38

Compare and contrast new crime and technical supervision violations.

Question 39

Why does it matter how "success" is defined for offenders under community supervision?

Question 40

Describe the two types of probation violations.