Deck 1: Crime, Criminal Justice, and Policy

Question 1

Deviance refers to human behaviors or actions that are considered by others to be wrong, bad, or inappropriate.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Informal social control includes all but which of the following?

A) Staring
B) Scorn
C) Fines
D) Shunning

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mala prohibita acts are viewed as inherently evil.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Acts that are not viewed as inherently bad but are still prohibited by law are

A) misdemeanors.
B) mala prohibita.
C) victimless crimes.
D) mala in se.
E) none of the above.

Question 5

A serious breach of law usually carrying a penalty of more than one year in prison defines a

A) mala in se crime.
B) homicide.
C) misdemeanor.
D) felony.

Question 6

A relatively stable, purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern defines

A) public policy.
B) statutory law.
C) police purpose.
D) common law.
E) none of the above.

Question 7

Historically, criminal justice policy, or lack thereof, first centered on revenge on the part of the victim.

Question 8

Misdemeanor crimes are those that usually carry between 1 and 2 years of incarceration in local jails.

Question 9

The individual associated with the Classical School of thought is

A) Lombroso
B) King
C) Beccaria
D) Maltz

Question 10

The Classical School believed which of the following?

A) Outside forces cause people to commit crime.
B) Deterrence is the primary rationale for responses to crime.
C) Juries should consider mitigating factors in punishment.
D) Harsh punishment is prohibited.

Question 11

The school of thought that argued that humans possess free will, are rational, and make choices about how to behave is

A) positivism.
B) classicism.
C) deterrence.
D) rehabilitation.

Question 12

__________ contends that preventing crime results from improving the social conditions that cause crime and not in stricter laws.

A) Positivism
B) Classicism
C) Deterrence
D) Rehabilitation

Question 13

___________ is a philosophy based on the belief that criminals should be punished because they have violated the law.

A) Deterrence
B) Classicism
C) Retribution
D) Retaliation

Question 14

Another name for retribution is

A) revenge.
B) deterrence.
C) just deserts.
D) incapacitation.

Question 15

The just deserts model argues that punishment is the proper and just thing for a society to do, regardless of its effectiveness in preventing crime.

Question 16

____________ contends that punishments should prevent crime by making potential offenders aware of the costs of crime.

A) Retribution
B) Deterrence
C) Incapacitation
D) Lex talionis

Question 17

Specific deterrence prevents people from committing crime by showing them, through the specific experiences of other punished criminals, that crime does not pay.

Question 18

The idea that punishing an individual will keep that person from reoffending in the future is called

A) incapacitation.
B) retribution.
C) specific deterrence.
D) general deterrence.

Question 19

___________ seeks to prevent crime by rectifying individual problems that are thought to be responsible for the criminal behavior.

A) Due process
B) Rehabilitation
C) Restitution
D) Retribution

Question 20

The idea of separating offenders from society as a means of protecting society is called

A) isolation.
B) specific deterrence.
C) incapacitation.
D) retribution.

Question 21

The total number of unreported crimes is referred to as the dark figure of crime.

Question 22

The largest and best-known source of official statistics in the United States is the

A) Uniform Crime Reports.
B) National Incident-Based Reporting System.
C) Monitoring the Future Data.
D) National Crime Victimization Data.

Question 23

_________________ are gathered from criminal justice agencies and document the number of crimes reported and known to the agency.

A) Self-report data
B) Official statistics
C) Process data
D) Supplemental crime data

Question 24

The use of _________________ is better than raw numbers of crime since it allows better comparisons of different locations and data across time.

A) Part I offenses
B) Court data
C) Crime rates
D) Victimization data

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true about NIBRS?

A) It is meant to replace the UCR.
B) It is an incident-based system.
C) It focuses on the UCR Index Crimes.
D) It collects detailed information on offenses.

Question 26

Self-report statistics are good for all but which of the following?

A) Exploring crimes where there is no victim
B) Exploring crimes like illegal drug use or underage drinking
C) Learning about crimes where an arrest is unlikely
D) Learning about victims of crime

Question 27

Victimization studies ask people if they have been victims of crimes during a past time period.

Question 28

When respondents are promised ________________, it means that the reports cannot be linked to specific individuals.

A) anonymity
B) deniability
C) confidentiality
D) immunity

Question 29

The ________ is a nationally representative survey of U.S. households designed to measure criminal victimization.

A) Monitoring the Future
B) NYS
C) NCVS
D) NIBRS

Question 30

When an individual reports something that took place outside the time period covered by a survey, it is known as

A) telescoping.
B) lying.
C) enhancing.
D) bounding.

Question 31

The due-process model advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.

Question 32

The _____________ is more concerned with the process of justice and grants suspects many rights to protect them from overzealous investigation and prosecution.

A) crime-control model
B) restorative justice model
C) due-process model
D) classical model

Question 33

_________________ advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.

A) Crime control model
B) Due-process model
C) Deterrence model
D) Classical model

Question 34

Criminal justice in the United States is composed of many loosely coupled, semiautonomous organizations.

Question 35

The criminal justice system could not function without rigid adherence to rules and policies.

Question 36

___________ involves decision making by people involved in criminal justice.

A) Deterrence
B) Policy
C) Discretion
D) Fiat

Question 37

The 4 Cs of the criminal justice system include all but which of the following?

A) Coroners
B) Citizens
C) Corrections
D) Courts

Question 38

The first decision-making point of the criminal justice system is the

A) cops.
B) citizens.
C) victims.
D) offenders.

Question 39

The second decision-making point of the system consists of the victims.

Question 40

Courtroom decisions are not made by a range of actors who meet in a court "arena" known as the

A) bench.
B) courtroom work group.
C) judicial branch.
D) bar.

Question 41

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that defendants have the right to an attorney if they are charged with any crime.

Question 42

Which of the following is not among the three major recent trends in criminal justice?

A) Social media
B) Use of force
C) Victims
D) 9/11

Question 43

What is incapacitation and how does it impact crime?

Question 44

Compare and contrast official and self-report measures of crime.

Question 45

Discuss how NIBRS differs from the UCR.

Question 46

What are victimization surveys and what do they show in comparison to official data?

Question 47

Define discretion and give examples of its use by different actors in the criminal justice
system.

Question 48

Discuss how each of the 4 Cs is important in the decision making of the criminal justice system.

Question 49

What is the due-process model?

Question 50

Identify at least 4 major trends in criminal justice since the 1960s and describe each.