Question 1

Descriptive morality concerns the codes of conduct that individuals and groups &#8230;&#10;A) Do have&#10;B) Should have&#10;C) Both A and B&#10;D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

Descriptive morality refers to the actual codes of conduct that individuals and groups have, rather than what they should have.

Question 2

Philosophical ethics is chiefly concerned with &#8230;&#10;A) Discovering facts about the social phenomenon of morality&#10;B) Producing psychological explanations of why individuals make moral choices&#10;C) Determining which moral principles should be accepted as justified&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Philosophical ethics is primarily concerned with determining which moral principles should be accepted as justified. While it may involve examining social phenomenon and individual decision-making, the ultimate goal is to discern rational and ethical principles on which to base moral judgments.

Question 3

The main two branches of philosophical ethics are &#8230;&#10;A) Bioethics and environmental ethics&#10;B) Normative ethics and metaethics&#10;C) Journalism ethics and business ethics&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The main two branches of philosophical ethics are normative ethics, which deals with the content of moral judgments and the criteria for what is right and wrong, and metaethics, which involves the philosophical analysis of moral language and concepts. Bioethics and environmental ethics fall under the umbrella of normative ethics, while journalism ethics and business ethics are more specific subfields within applied ethics. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it accurately reflects the two main branches of philosophical ethics.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines a moral agent?&#10;A) Anyone with the capacity to feel pleasure or pain&#10;B) Anyone with the capacity to choose among alternatives and act intentionally&#10;C) Anyone with the capacity to enforce moral rules among members of her community&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

A moral agent is someone who has the capacity to make decisions and act intentionally based on their moral beliefs and values. Option B correctly reflects this definition by stating that a moral agent must have the capacity to choose among alternatives and act intentionally. Option A is incorrect because simply having the capacity to feel pleasure or pain does not necessarily make someone a moral agent. Option C is also incorrect because while enforcing moral rules may be one aspect of being a moral agent, it is not the defining characteristic. Option D is incorrect because one of the options is correct.

Question 5

That health care providers should tell patients the truth is a principle of &#8230;&#10;A) Metaethics&#10;B) General normative ethics&#10;C) Bioethics&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The principle of telling the truth to patients in healthcare is a standard principle in the field of bioethics. Metaethics refers to abstract theoretical questions about ethics, while general normative ethics deals with moral theories and principles that apply broadly to all areas of human interaction, not just healthcare.

Question 6

Bioethics is a branch of &#8230;&#10;A) Metaethics&#10;B) General normative ethics&#10;C) Applied normative ethics&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Bioethics is a branch of applied normative ethics which deals with ethical issues and dilemmas arising in healthcare and biomedical research. It involves the application of ethical principles and values to analyze and make decisions in healthcare and research contexts. Metaethics deals with fundamental questions about the nature of ethics, while general normative ethics deals with broader ethical issues not specific to healthcare and biomedical research. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 7

In Jacobson v Massachusetts, the main moral issue from Rev. Jacobson's perspective was whether &#8230;&#10;A) Unvaccinated individuals put the public at an increased risk of contracting smallpox&#10;B) The state had the power to enforce vaccination ordinances&#10;C) Protecting public health justified violating a person's right to freedom&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Rev. Jacobson's main moral issue was whether protecting public health justified violating a person's right to freedom, as he opposed mandatory vaccination on the grounds that it infringed on individual liberties.

Question 8

To say that a being has moral standing is to say that &#8230;&#10;A) That being is morally significant&#10;B) It matters morally how that being is treated.&#10;C) Both A and B&#10;D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

Moral standing is the idea that certain beings have intrinsic value and deserve to be treated with respect and consideration. Possessing moral standing means that a being is morally significant and it matters morally how that being is treated. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 9

For any individual to have the moral standing of a person, it must &#8230;&#10;A) Be a human being&#10;B) Count as a moral agent&#10;C) Have sentience&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Moral standing as a person typically requires being a moral agent, which involves the capacity for moral reasoning and responsibility, rather than simply being human or sentient.

Question 10

Paradigm persons include &#8230;&#10;A) Fetuses&#10;B) Permanently unconscious individuals&#10;C) Neonates&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Paradigm persons are typically considered to be individuals who possess certain capacities or attributes such as consciousness, the ability to feel pain, self-awareness, etc. Fetuses, permanently unconscious individuals, and neonates do not meet these criteria as they either lack these capacities or their capacities are not fully developed. Therefore, they are not considered paradigm persons.

Question 11

Explain the difference between philosophical and descriptive ethics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between philosophical and descriptive...

Question 12

How do general and applied normative ethics differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do general and applied normative ethics...

Question 13

Locate bioethics in the landscape of ethics and state its relationship with biomedical ethics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Locate bioethics in the landscape of ethics...

Question 14

Bioethics is often considered a relatively recent development. Explain why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bioethics is often considered a relatively recent...

Question 15

Discuss two Hippocratic duties that are still considered obligations, one of health care providers, the other of patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss two Hippocratic duties that are still...

Deck 1: The Study of Morality