Question 1

Radical-reformist abolitionism is the view that animal experimentation is&#10;A) Mostly morally permissible&#10;B) Mostly morally impermissible&#10;C) Always forbidden&#10;D) Always permissible

Accepted Answer

Radical-reformist abolitionism is a view that rejects the notion that animal experimentation is necessary and justifiable. Therefore, it is mostly morally impermissible. While some may argue for limited use in exceptional cases, the overall aim of radical-reformist abolitionism is to end all animal experimentation.

Question 2

An objection to the Benefits Argument is that&#10;A) Animals are not good approximations of human anatomy and physiology&#10;B) There is skepticism about the benefits of many experiments on animals for human health&#10;C) Animal experimentation may have harmful consequences for humans&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are valid objections to the Benefits Argument. Some people argue that animals are not good approximations of human anatomy and physiology, so the benefits seen in animal testing may not reflect human outcomes. Others are skeptical about the benefits of certain experiments on animals, such as testing cosmetics, which do not have direct applications to human health. Additionally, there is concern that animal experimentation may have harmful consequences for humans, such as by diverting resources away from more effective research methods or leading to the use of ineffective treatments.

Question 3

On animal experimentation, the animal-rights view amounts to&#10;A) Eliminative abolitionism&#10;B) Reformist abolitionism&#10;C) Anti-abolitionism&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The animal-rights view advocates for eliminative abolitionism, which means eradicating animal experimentation altogether. This view considers animal use in any form as inherently unethical and opposes any efforts to reform or regulate it.

Question 4

On animal experimentation, the Hierarchical View amounts to&#10;A) Eliminative abolitionism&#10;B) Reformist abolitionism&#10;C) Extreme anti-abolitionism&#10;D) Moderate anti-abolitionism

Accepted Answer

The answer of On animal experimentation, the Hierarchical View amounts...

Question 5

Which of the following best captures a reason often given by US courts to reject legal actions filed on behalf of captive animals?&#10;A) Animals have sentience but are not as intelligent as humans&#10;B) Animals lack legal duties and can therefore have no legal rights&#10;C) Animals do not belong to the moral community&#10;D) Animals lack moral agency

Accepted Answer

This reason reflects the idea that legal rights are linked to legal duties, which animals are not considered to possess in the same way that humans are. This argument has been used to reject claims for animal rights in numerous cases, including Steven M. Wise's efforts to represent chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates in US courts.

Question 6

Humanism is the view that&#10;A) Cognitive capacity is morally relevant&#10;B) Sentience is morally relevant&#10;C) Species membership is morally relevant&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humanism is the view that&#10;A) Cognitive capacity...

Question 7

According to Peter Singer, speciesism is&#10;A) A prejudice worse than racism and sexism&#10;B) A prejudice akin to racism and sexism&#10;C) A prejudice not as bad as racism and sexism&#10;D) Not a prejudice at all

Accepted Answer

Peter Singer argues that speciesism is a prejudice akin to racism and sexism, meaning that it is the unjustified preference given to one species (humans) over other sentient beings based solely on species membership, just as racism and sexism involve unjustified preference based solely on race or gender. He believes that this prejudice is arbitrary and unjustified, and that it leads to the mistreatment and exploitation of non-human animals.

Question 8

Which of the following claims best captures Peter Singer's response to the Argument from Marginal Cases?&#10;A) The interests of marginal humans are not comparable to the interests of other higher animals&#10;B) The interests of humans are never comparable to the interests of higher animals&#10;C) Interests are something that only humans can have&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following claims best captures...

Question 9

In Peter Singer's view, sentient beings with comparable interests&#10;A) May still have different moral standing&#10;B) Have the same moral standing&#10;C) May lack moral standing&#10;D) May not all belong to the moral community

Accepted Answer

Peter Singer argues that all sentient beings with comparable interests have the same moral standing, regardless of their species or other differences. This is the basis of his animal rights philosophy, which advocates for treating animals with the same consideration as humans. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 10

For Kant, animals&#10;A) Have rationality to a degree that makes animal cruelty morally impermissible&#10;B) Lack rationality, but persons must avoid animal cruelty&#10;C) Lack rationality, and this makes animal cruelty morally right for all concerned&#10;D) Have enough rationality to make animal cruelty wrong for the animals' sake

Accepted Answer

Kant believed that animals do not possess rationality, but persons must still treat animals with respect and refrain from being cruel to them. He argued that humans have a duty to not be cruel to animals, not because animals have intrinsic value or rights, but because being cruel to animals can lead to a person becoming desensitized and more likely to be cruel to humans. Therefore, while animals do not have rationality to the degree that makes animal cruelty morally impermissible, humans still have a moral obligation to treat them with respect and refrain from being cruel to them.

Question 11

According to Kant, what sort of obligation is avoidance of animal cruelty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kant, what sort of obligation...

Question 12

Locate Peter Singer's position in the debate about abolitionism of biomedical research on animals and contrast it with Tom Regan's.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Locate Peter Singer's position in the debate...

Question 13

How might utilitarians and Kantians differ in their views about the moral permissibility of biomedical research on animals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might utilitarians and Kantians differ in...

Question 14

In the debate about abolitionism of biomedical research on animals, which position is the Argument from Marginal Cases offered to undermine? Explain how it might do that.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the debate about abolitionism of biomedical...

Question 15

Discuss the role that cognitive development plays in the Hierarchical View's understanding of the moral standing of animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role that cognitive development plays...

Deck 16: Biomedical Research on Animals