Deck 18: Justice in Healthcare

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the Rau Williams case?

A) Renal dialysis therapy was a rescue treatment
B) The patient could not cooperate with the treatment
C) The patient had a desire to live
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Among the following, the principle that best represents an obligation of justice in health care is

A) Avoid inflicting uncompensated harm on patients
B) Promote the patients' best interests
C) Facilitate autonomous patient decisionmaking
D) Avoid imposing undue burdens of care on certain patients or groups

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The right to refuse medical treatment is what kind of right?

A) A negative right of patients
B) A positive right of patients
C) It may be A or B, depending on the situation
D) Neither A nor B

Answer 3

A

Question 4

To say that a person has a moral right to something is to say that

A) The right holder must be a human being
B) The law protects that person's interest
C) Someone else has a correlative moral duty
D) None of the above

Question 5

If there is a right to health care, what kind of a right would that be?

A) A negative right
B) A positive right
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 6

According to the UN charter on human rights (Art. 24), everyone has a right to favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. What would extreme libertarianism say about this claim?

A) That it amounts to an unjust restriction on individual liberty
B) That it captures a right that everyone has
C) That such a right must be regulated by the government
D) None of the above

Question 7

According to Norman Daniels's account, which of the following reasons (if any) support universal access to health care?

A) The right to equal opportunity
B) Compensatory rights for past wrong-doing
C) The right to individual liberties
D) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is a reason invoked by the Fair Innings Argument?

A) There is a humanitarian reason for providing rescue interventions
B) Older patients have already lived more years than younger patients
C) Interventions for younger patients produce more QALYS
D) All of the above

Question 9

An objection to the QALY approach is that

A) Older patients have already lived more years than younger patients
B) Interventions for younger patients produce more QALYS
C) Comparisons between different states of health are not as simple as the approach says
D) All of the above

Question 10

After the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), the US has what type of health coverage system?

A) A single-payer system
B) A multiple-payer system
C) A hybrid system combining single- and multiple-payer models
D) None of the above

Question 11

Define positive and negative rights and exemplify each of them by appeal to patients' rights.

Question 12

What is distributive justice? Illustrate your answer with a bioethical issue.

Question 13

Discuss how the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice bear on the Organ Donor Scandal (see Chapter 18) and decide what Michael Sandel would say about the case.

Question 14

Some think that a principle of beneficence can capture the health care providers' obligations of beneficence and nonmaleficance. Argue against this view by showing how these obligations are correlative to positive and negative rights of patients.

Question 15

Propose a case, real or imaginary, in which the health care providers' obligation of justice conflicts with their obligation of beneficence, and suggest what they should do, given the discussion in Chapter 18.