Deck 20: Development

Question 1

The period of development before birth is called _____ development.

A) fetal
B) prenatal
C) postconceptual
D) postnatal
E) embryonic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The expulsion stage of labor generally lasts for 3-4 hours.

Answer 2

False
It usually lasts less than one hour.

Question 3

Temperature regulating mechanisms are well developed in the neonatal period.

Answer 3

False
They are not developed and the neonate is vulnerable to environmental temperatures.

Question 4

All of the following occur during the pre-embryonic period EXCEPT

A) cleavage
B) implantation
C) formation of primary germ layers
D) formation of placenta

Question 5

Capacitation is a process that

A) weakens the membrane of the acrosome on the sperm
B) weakens the zona pellucida of the ovum
C) occurs in the sperm before ejaculation
D) occurs in the epididymis during sperm maturation
E) splits the corona radiata so that sperm can enter

Question 6

The longest period in prenatal development is the _____ period.

A) embryonic
B) pre-embryonic
C) fetal
D) fertilization

Question 7

The single cell that is the result of fertilization is a(n)

A) zygote
B) morula
C) blastocyst
D) embryo
E) inner cell mass

Question 8

The amnion,chorion,and placenta form during the preimplantation period.

Question 9

Fertilization is the

A) penetration of an ovum by a sperm
B) separation of the zona pellucida and cells of the corona radiata
C) union of an egg and a sperm
D) union of the sperm and ovum pronuclei

Question 10

The second meiotic division in oogenesis is not completed until after a spermatozoan has penetrated the cell.

Question 11

Recessive genes express themselves even when they are heterozygous.

Question 12

Trophoblast cells secrete human chorionic gonadotropin,which has an action similar to luteinizing hormone.

Question 13

The ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm develop during the first two weeks after fertilization.

Question 14

How long does the pre-embryonic period last?

A) 2 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 2 months
D) 8 weeks
E) 10 weeks

Question 15

For fertilization to take place,sexual intercourse must occur approximately between 1 day before and 3 days after ovulation.

Question 16

Fertilization usually takes place in the

A) uterus
B) uterine tube
C) vagina
D) cervix
E) fornix

Question 17

The period of development after birth is called

A) perinatal development
B) senescence
C) postnatal development
D) adolescence
E) childhood

Question 18

The embryonic period lasts for about six months.

Question 19

Milk is not produced unless prolactin is stimulated by a baby's suckling.

Question 20

For fertilization to occur,many sperm are needed to

A) break down the cell membrane of the oocyte
B) activate the polar bodies
C) stimulate the final division of the oocyte
D) separate the cells of the corona radiata so a single sperm can enter
E) destroy the polar bodies so they don't use nutrients

Question 21

Two external features unique to the fetus are

A) vernix caseosa and lanugo hair
B) translucent skin and sebum
C) ductus venosus and umbilical arteries
D) umbilical arteries and umbilical vein

Question 22

All of the following are derived from mesoderm EXCEPT

A) epithelial lining of the digestive tract
B) dermis of the skin
C) bone and cartilage
D) skeletal and smooth muscle
E) epithelium of serous membranes

Question 23

All of the following occur during the embryonic period EXCEPT formation of

A) the placenta
B) body organs
C) lanugo hair
D) amnion and chorion

Question 24

The solid ball of blastomeres that is the result of cleavage is a(n)

A) morula
B) blastocyst
C) trophoblast
D) inner cell mass
E) blastocele

Question 25

The outermost extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac

Question 26

The extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of umbilical blood vessels is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 27

The cells that give rise to the primary germ layers are the

A) inner cell mass
B) trophoblast
C) blastomeres
D) blastocele
E) allantois

Question 28

The cells around the periphery of a blastocyst form the

A) inner cell mass
B) trophoblast
C) blastocele
D) chorion
E) amnion

Question 29

The hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells is

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) chorionic gonadotropin
D) similar to FSH
E) to prevent development of additional ovarian follicles

Question 30

The temporary organ that functions in the exchange of gases,nutrients,and waste between maternal and fetal blood is the

A) umbilical cord
B) amnion
C) placenta
D) yolk sac

Question 31

The two fundamental processes that occur during the fetal period are

A) differentiation and organ system formation
B) growth and maturation
C) formation of the brain and the heart
D) formation of amniotic fluid and the placenta

Question 32

The extraembryonic membrane that is the source of primordial germ cells is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 33

The term gestation refers to the

A) period from conception to parturition
B) embryonic period
C) fetal period
D) period two weeks before birth to two weeks after birth

Question 34

All of the following are derived from ectoderm EXCEPT

A) epidermis of the skin
B) epithelium of blood vessels
C) nervous tissue
D) lining of the oral cavity
E) sense organ receptor cells

Question 35

The primary germ layers that develop during the pre-embryonic period include all of the following EXCEPT

A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) mesenchyme

Question 36

The opening between the right atrium and left atrium in the fetal heart is the

A) ductus arteriosus
B) atrial foramen
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus venosus

Question 37

The vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus is the

A) umbilical artery
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus venosus
D) placental artery
E) placental vein

Question 38

The blood vessel that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation is the

A) umbilical artery
B) ductus venosus
C) placental artery
D) ductus arteriosus
E) foramen ovale

Question 39

The extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the embryo and secretes a fluid that cushions it is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 40

Implantation normally occurs

A) in the fundus of the uterus
B) high in the uterine body wall
C) low in the uterine body wall
D) near the internal os
E) in the region of the cervix

Question 41

Near the end of gestation,uterine muscles become sensitized for contractions by _____ levels of _____.

A) increasing; progesterone
B) decreasing; progesterone
C) increasing; estrogen
D) decreasing; estrogen
E) increasing; oxytocin

Question 42

All of the following are characteristic of colostrum EXCEPT

A) cloudy yellowish fluid
B) secreted before milk production
C) has more fat than milk
D) has more protein than milk
E) has less lactose than milk

Question 43

Pressure of the fetal head on the cervix stimulates

A) an increase in progesterone levels
B) an increase in estrogen levels
C) the release of prostaglandins
D) the release of oxytocin

Question 44

All of the following are characteristic of the onset of true labor EXCEPT

A) rhythmic contractions
B) dilation of the cervix
C) rupture of the amniotic sac
D) discharge of bloody mucus from the cervix and vagina

Question 45

The postnatal development period during which an individual is most vulnerable to environmental stresses is

A) adolescence
B) childhood
C) infancy
D) neonatal

Question 46

The expression of genes is called

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) a sex-linked trait
D) an autosomal trait

Question 47

The period during which language,reading,writing,and other intellectual skills develop is

A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 48

The longest stage of labor is the _____ stage.

A) dilation
B) expulsion
C) placental

Question 49

The appearance of secondary sex characteristics occurs during

A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 50

Assume that eye color is an autosomal trait and that brown eye color is dominant over blue eye color.If one parent is homozygous for brown eyes and the other parent is homozygous for blue eyes,then

A) all offspring will have brown eyes
B) half the children will have brown eyes and half will have blue eyes
C) the sons will have brown eyes and the daughters will have blue eyes
D) all offspring will have blue eyes

Question 51

The relationship of the hypothalamus,oxytocin,and uterine contractions is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism.

A) negative
B) positive

Question 52

During pregnancy,milk production is inhibited by

A) the hypothalamus
B) estrogen and progesterone
C) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
D) oxytocin
E) prostaglandins

Question 53

The term that refers to excessive vomiting during pregnancy is

A) polyhydramnios
B) hyperemesis gravidarum
C) pseudocyesis
D) prima gravida

Question 54

The circulatory changes that occur shortly after birth send

A) increased blood to the lungs for oxygenation
B) increased blood to body organs except the lungs
C) decreased blood to the lungs for oxygenation
D) decreased blood to the body organs except the lungs

Question 55

Labor is the

A) same as parturition
B) process by which forceful contractions expel the fetus from the uterus
C) term used to refer to the birth of a baby
D) final stage in the birth of a baby

Question 56

The normal stimulus for the baby to take its first deep breath is

A) cutting the umbilical cord
B) the shock of being in a cool environment rather than a warm uterus
C) the pain from a solid slap on the buttocks
D) increasing carbon dioxide levels and decreasing pH as a result of blood circulating but no oxygenation from the placenta

Question 57

Morphogenesis refers to the

A) excessive quantity of amniotic fluid
B) condition of false pregnancy
C) study of the newborn
D) development of shape or form

Question 58

The normal gestation period in humans is

A) 266 days from the last menstrual period
B) 280 days from fertilization
C) 266 days from fertilization
D) 40 weeks from fertilization

Question 59

Near the end of gestation,the inhibition of uterine muscle contractions is removed by _____ levels of _____.

A) increasing; progesterone
B) decreasing; progesterone
C) increasing; estrogen
D) decreasing; estrogen
E) increasing; oxytocin

Question 60

The postnatal development period during which an individual learns to sit,walk,smile,and laugh is the _____ period.

A) neonatal
B) childhood
C) infancy
D) gestational

Question 61

What is the term for traits carried on the X and Y chromosomes?

Question 62

What is the term for the yellowish fluid that is secreted by the mammary glands prior to milk production?

Question 63

What is the term for the series of mitotic cell divisions that begin shortly after fertilization?

Question 64

With prostaglandins,what is the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions?

Question 65

What is the term for the period of prenatal development during which organogenesis occurs?

Question 66

What is the term for the extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta?

Question 67

What is the term for the region of the blastocyst that develops into the embryo?

Question 68

What is the term for the postnatal period that begins at birth and lasts about 4 weeks?

Question 69

What is the term for the region where fertilization generally occurs?

Question 70

What is the term for the period of prenatal development that lasts about 30 weeks?

Question 71

What is the term for the single cell that is the result of fertilization?

Question 72

What is the term for the hair that covers the fetal body and helps keep the vernix caseosa in place?

Question 73

What is the term for the vessels that carry fetal blood to the placenta for gaseous exchange?

Question 74

What is the term for the cells that enclose a blastocele?

Question 75

What is the term for the longest stage of labor?