Deck 12: Governing the Ecological Society

Question 1

The "bottom-up" approach alone to creating an ecological society is flawed because:

A) it is difficult to draw boundaries to define a grassroots community.
B) a grassroots effort may not be all inclusive.
C) a grassroots community may lack resources and/or expertise needed to tackle an issue effectively.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Tocqueville was concerned that the delinking and isolating effects of democracy on individuals would encourage:

A) individualism.
B) despotism.
C) bureaucratization.
D) dependence.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A state of governance where the rulers eventually hold absolute bureaucratic power resulting from the gradual, but progressive disengagement of citizens from democracy, is best termed:

A) the bureaucratic machine.
B) administrative despotism.
C) grounded knowledge.
D) legitimization crisis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Administrative despotism, according to Tocqueville, tends to do what to the citizenry of a nation?

A) Redirect labors toward individual goals
B) Energize towards unity
C) Transform them into a flock of timid and hardworking animals
D) All of the above

Question 5

Local people living in their own context, and claiming an intimate understanding of its dynamics, constraints, and possibilities, have:

A) legitimacy.
B) grounded knowledge.
C) an ecology of dialogue.
D) local knowledge.

Question 6

According to Max Weber, a self-reinforcing social structure of duties and commands regulated by coercive rules at the disposal of officials, reigns unchecked is termed:

A) a bureaucratic machine.
B) a legal guardrail.
C) local knowledge.
D) legitimate dialogue.

Question 7

How does administrative law work to further environmental protection?

A) Groups are required to provide notice with any rulemaking they propose.
B) When elected officials pass a law, they leave the details to government agencies to work out in consultation scientists and stakeholders.
C) A particular group pushes government agencies to do what they're legally required to do.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

According to the text, what gives huge power to bureaucracies and to the civil servants we do not directly elect?

A) Grounded knowledge approaches
B) The Resource Conservation Recovery Act
C) Court cases
D) Administrative law

Question 9

What two key legal guardrails protect environment rights?

A) The president and courts
B) Administrative law and courts
C) Citizen cases and Congress
D) The Environmental Protection Agency and the executive branch

Question 10

What, according to Tocqueville, is one of the simplest ways to relink community and democracy?

A) Participatory governance
B) Democratic dialogue
C) Grounded knowledge
D) Habits of the heart

Question 11

When "the top" is concerned with continually justifying its authority so people will continue to put up with it, Habermas would diagnose a case of:

A) administrative despotism.
B) bureaucracy unlinked.
C) a legitimation crisis.
D) top-down development.

Question 12

Dialogic development is best defined as:

A) dialogue between local people and scientists.
B) dialogue between agencies and the judicial branch.
C) dialogue between local knowledge and grounded knowledge.
D) dialogue between ecology and economy.

Question 13

What is the best term for a set of formal procedures that participatory development practitioners use to streamline their process?

A) Proceduralism
B) Best practices
C) A culture of the formal
D) Thinning solidarity

Question 14

Why, according to the text, might participatory development practitioners adopt formalized procedures?

A) Participatory governance can be a bit unruly.
B) At times, those who felt they should have participated but did not feel invited to were excluded.
C) To keep the agenda public and open to change.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Formal procedures for participation run the risk of turning the participatory encounter into a mere exchange of interests. This, consequently, may:

A) thin solidarity.
B) stifle creativity.
C) encourage suspiciousness of those who violate norms.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

When one recognizes one's own contribution but also limitations, people can talk to each other and link together for change without universalizing their ideas onto someone else's experiences, leading to what can best be termed:

A) grounded knowledge.
B) thick solidarity.
C) participatory governance.
D) participatory development.

Question 17

The example of Steve Yearley's creative approach to environmental management in British Air Quality Management Areas provided a good example of:

A) participatory modeling.
B) community-based management.
C) bridging public policy and top-level governance.
D) all of the above.

Question 18

You can't govern trust, but you need____ to govern?

A) trust
B) compliance
C) participation
D) solidarity

Question 19

____ are not above power; rather, they are all about power?

A) Public policy makers
B) The judicial branches
C) Participatory processes
D) Academics

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of participatory governance?

A) Community-based management
B) Research drawing on local knowledge
C) Anthropocentric environmentalism
D) Community forestry

Question 21

A top-down approach to solving environmental problems can help facilitate bottom-up approaches by building infrastructure to support virtual environmentalism?

Question 22

Dialogic democracy suggests that the power of individuals at the "top" is independent of the power held by those at the "bottom".

Question 23

Participatory development helps ensure that the local community is supportive of and invested in projects that link top-down and bottom-up approaches to environmental challenges.

Question 24

Environmental movement should be strictly bottom-up because top-down policies rarely do any good to the environment. .

Question 25

Dialogue of bottom and top are when local communities and civil society represent material concerns and, the structures of governance inversely represent the ideal side.

Question 26

"Habits of the heart" is when customs attached to the material practices of a people intersect with religious beliefs.

Question 27

Max Weber suggested participatory modeling as an alternative to the bureaucratic machine.

Question 28

Participation consultants are, at times, so eager to serve its paying client that they are blamed of "participation washing?

Question 29

Anthony Giddens is a proponent of "dialogic democracy." Describe dialogic democracy and explain how it might apply to the environment?

Question 30

Define dialogue of bottom and top?

Question 31

Define and give one example of successful administrative law?

Question 32

The book explains how Integrative Pest Management (IPM) approaches help give farmers in Honduras the tools they need to solve pest problems themselves. Explain how IPM is a form of participatory governance.?

Question 33

As an expert in environmental sociology, you have been asked to give a brief speech at a major international conference on the future of governing the world's environment. What will you say? Be sure in your speech to say how top-down and bottom-up approaches could be used. Justify your answer sociologically, drawing on material from this course.

Question 34

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Habits of the heart

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley

Question 35

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ dialogic democracy

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley

Question 36

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Bureaucratic machine

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley

Question 37

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Legitimation crisis

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley

Question 38

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Participation modeling

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley

Question 39

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Integrated Pest Management

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Max Weber
D) Jurgen Habermas
E) Steven Yearly
F) Jeff Bentley