Deck 5: Population and Development

Question 1

According to Malthus, population grows:

A) incrementally, in "fits and starts."
B) at a steady, measured pace.
C) arithmetically.
D) exponentially.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Currently the rate of world population growth:

A) is climbing exponentially.
B) is climbing arithmetically.
C) is falling gradually.
D) is plummeting as a result of development and birth control technologies.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

It took more than 100 years for the world's population to double from 1 billion to 2 billion. How long did it take for the world's population to increase from 4 billion to 5 billion?

A) Fewer than 15 years as the result of exponential growth
B) Half the time of the first doubling, about 50 years
C) More than 100 years; 1 billion people are added each 100 years
D) The world's population has not yet reached 5 billion

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What percentage of the world's current population growth is taking place in poor countries?

A) Only about 10%, because infant mortality rates are so high in these countries
B) About 25% due mostly to immigration patterns from poor countries to rich countries
C) About half, nearly 50%
D) Over 90%

Question 5

A constant rate of growth means not only increasing effects, but compounding effects, say some theorists. This Malthusian argument applies to which of the following?

A) Population
B) Production
C) Consumption
D) All of the above

Question 6

Standard provisions of structural adjustment programs include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) reduction of education and public services.
B) increased subsidies.
C) liberalization of trade.
D) emphasis on export crops.

Question 7

Amartya Sen argues that famine is primarily the result of:

A) absolute food shortages.
B) inability to access available food.
C) poorly organized food aid programs.
D) natural disasters.

Question 8

Which of the following does Sen claim will NOT insure food availability?

A) Dependable food imports
B) Land reform
C) Steady employment
D) Democracy

Question 9

According to the principle of substitutability:

A) the price of basic commodities has risen because they cannot be substituted by alternatives.
B) the five metals used in Simons' and Ehrlich's wager have since been substituted for others.
C) human intellect devises creative ways to substitute new resources to solve resource scarcity.
D) people are substitutable; those who die of starvation and disease will always be replaced by new births that result from increased population.

Question 10

What is the best contraceptive according to the slogan of the 1974 World Population Conference in Bucharest?

A) Development
B) Abstinence
C) Education
D) Abortion

Question 11

Unless checked, population growth tends to continue until it runs up against environmental limits causing poverty, hunger, misery and resource scarcity-eventually leading to a population crash. This view was proponed by which thinker?

A) Thomas Malthus
B) Frances Moore Lappé
C) Paul Ehrlich
D) Julian Simon

Question 12

According to Simon, the solution to resource scarcity is to increase the population because it will produce more brainpower and labor to work out technological solutions to scarcity, termed the?

A) Dependable argument of labor
B) Entitlement system of population growth
C) Cornucopian argument about technology
D) Simonion view of development

Question 13

Which of the following events might break down food entitlement systems?

A) Natural disasters
B) War
C) Displacement of land-holders
D) All of the above

Question 14

What does Amartya Sen mean by "entitlements" to food?

A) Subsistence farmers are more entitled to food supplements than are those who grow cash crops.
B) Women are particularly entitled to nourishment.
C) International governance is responsible for providing food to all people.
D) Famines are not caused by lack of available food, but rather by a lack of access to food.

Question 15

Why do critics refer to structural adjustment as "shock therapy?

A) Because of the sudden bottom-up nature of coups
B) Because the IMF severely reduces social supports to supposedly develop a free market in poor countries
C) Because of the role that electricity plays in developing poor nations
D) All of the above

Question 16

How might population controls contradict religious values?

A) Celibacy of the preisthood
B) Concern of population conflicts
C) Church acceptance of contraception
D) Sanctity of life arguments

Question 17

As a result of massive development efforts since World War II, the gap between therich and poor has:

A) dramatically declined.
B) narrowed.
C) increased.
D) dramatically expanded.

Question 18

According to Frances Moore Lappé, there___ correlation between populationdensity and hunger?

A) is little, if any
B) is a significant positive
C) is a declining
D) is a significant negative

Question 19

A country with a 3% rate of growth for one hundred years would experience a 3% increase in population each century.

Question 20

A drop in fertility means that fewer children are born each year.

Question 21

Population momentum results in an almost immediate slowdown in population growth.

Question 22

A sharp decline in population will mean a sharp decline in negative environmental impacts. .

Question 23

The world produces enough grain to feed each individual person a minimum diet of 2,000 calories per day. 2,923 calories are produced, but currently 37-40% goes to feed livestock.

Question 24

The World Bank is a not-for-profit charitable institution created to reduce the debt of poor nations.

Question 25

According to Frances Moore Lappé, there is a direct correlation between population density and hunger.

Question 26

According to Frances Moore Lappé, there is a direct correlation between the amount of cropland per person in a country and hunger.

Question 27

According to Frances Moore Lappé, there is little if any correlation between the amount of cropland per person in a country and hunger.

Question 28

In general, women do as much agricultural labor as men in the world.

Question 29

Like women in the developed world, women in less developed countries tend to live longer than their male counterparts.

Question 30

When the author states that Malthus presented his theory in a determinist way, what does this mean for the relationship between population and environment?

Question 31

Despite the decline in the rate of world population growth, population continues to grow rapidly. Explain why this might be the case?

Question 32

Briefly discuss the differences between "dialogic relationships" and "determinist relationships.?

Question 33

Why might poor countries submit to structural adjustment rather than forego World Bank and IMF loans?

Question 34

Explain three events that led to the IMF food riots of the 1980s?

Question 35

Cite three ways that rapid population growth presents organization problems for cities and urban areas?

Question 36

Explain the three stages of demographic transition as theorized by Frank W. Notestein?

Question 37

The author cites four conditions that raise doubt about the applicability of the demographic transition to less developed countries: Describe and briefly discuss one of these conditions?

Question 38

The use of birth control in family planning is sometimes a controversial aspect of population control. Discuss at least one reason for the controversy as described in the text?

Question 39

The text cites an example of coerced reproduction in Romania. List some of the outcomes of Romania's illegalization of birth control?

Question 40

Lappé and Schurman argue that poor people have a strong incentive to have lots of children. Explain?

Question 41

Defend or critique Julian Simon's argument that people are the "ultimate resource" and therefore the solution to resource scarcity is actually to increase population?

Question 42

Defend or critique Julian Simons' principle of substitutability with regard to land, habitat, water, and air?

Question 43

The author argues that "contrary to stereotypes about the greater physical capabilities of men, women in fact do the bulk of the world's physical work." Do you agree or disagree? Defend your argument?

Question 44

Describe the role social inequality plays in population growth?

Question 45

Was Malthus right? Cite material from readings and lecture to justify your answer sociologically?

Question 46

Explain the "structural adjustment trap" cited in the text. What conditions lead to the trap, and what consequences does it have on developing countries?

Question 47

Some researchers argue that there is enough food produced to feed everyone in the world, but problems with access to and distribution of food lead to hunger. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your answer, and cite Frances Moore Lappe and Amartya Sen in your argument?

Question 48

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Thomas Malthus

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 49

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Dorothy Stein

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 50

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Talcott Parsons

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 51

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ John Maynard Keynes

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 52

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 53

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Bretton Woods Institutions

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 54

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Substitutability principle

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 55

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Demographic transition theory

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 56

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Women's Role in Economic Development

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 57

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Ester Boserup

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 58

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Frances Moore Lappé & Amartya Sen

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 59

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Paul Ehrlich

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 60

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Paul Ehrlich

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 61

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Paul Ehrlich & Anne Ehrlich

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 62

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ The view that the environment controls our lives and there is little we can do about it.

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 63

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Julian Simon

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"

Question 64

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use Fanswers more than once.)
-____ Structural adjustment programs

A) "Essay on the Principle of Population"
B) Demographic competition
C) Modernization theory
D) Bretton Woods
E) World Bank
F) IMF and World Bank
G) Julian Simon
H) Frank W. Notestein
I) Ester Boserup
J) Theories of Technological Change
K) Anti-Malthusian Critics
L) Neo-Malthusian Biologist
M) The Population Bomb
N) The Population Explosion
O) Environmental determinism
P) Cornucopian view of social change
Q) "Shock therapy"