Deck 8: Nervous System

Question 1

The midbrain consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 1

False
It consists of the cerebral peduncles and corpora quadrigemina.

Question 2

The gaps between myelin segments along an axon are called

A) the neurilemma junctions
B) synaptic gaps
C) the nodes of Ranvier
D) oligodendritic lesions
E) interstitial gaps

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Trauma to the central nervous system is damage to the

A) brain and cranial nerves
B) spinal cord and spinal nerves
C) brain and spinal cord
D) cranial nerves and spinal nerves
E) brain only

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Normally,cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subdural space.

Question 5

The most abundant type of neurons is the bipolar neuron.

Question 6

In most people the spinal cord is at least 2 feet long.

Question 7

The white,fatty covering around some axons is called

A) neurilemma
B) myelin
C) ependyma
D) neurofibril
E) oligodendrocyte

Question 8

An afferent extension of a neuron is the

A) neurilemma
B) myelin
C) axon
D) dendrite
E) axon terminal

Question 9

Which one of the following is NOT found in the CNS?

A) astrocyte
B) microglia
C) ependyma
D) Schwann cell
E) oligodendrocyte

Question 10

There is more white matter than gray matter in the cerebral cortex.

Question 11

In inhibitory transmission at the synapse,the neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane and makes it more difficult to initiate an impulse.

Question 12

Neurons that are totally within the central nervous system are _____ neurons.

A) association
B) afferent
C) efferent
D) motor
E) sensory

Question 13

Three functional categories of nervous system activities are

A) sensory, motor, and integrative
B) memory, learning, and thought
C) feeling, memory, and speech
D) movement, feeling, and speech
E) hearing, speech, and memory

Question 14

Cells in nervous tissue that conduct impulses are the

A) neuroglial cells
B) neurons
C) astrocytes
D) ependymal cells
E) neurilemma cells

Question 15

The type of neuroglia cell that is likely to increase in number during an infection in the central nervous system is the

A) astrocyte
B) ependymal cell
C) microglia
D) oligodendrocyte
E) satellite cell

Question 16

The neurilemma is a white fatty substance around the axons of some neurons.

Question 17

Neurons that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are

A) interneurons
B) association neurons
C) motor neurons
D) efferent neurons
E) sensory neurons

Question 18

Stimulation by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate,respiratory rate,and blood pressure.

Question 19

Collectively,the commissural white fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres are called the corpus callosum.

Question 20

Somatic efferent pathways utilize two neurons,but the visceral efferent of autonomic pathway uses only one neuron.

Question 21

Which one of the following represents the correct pathway of an impulse along a reflex arc?

A) effector, association neuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron, receptor
B) effector, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, receptor
C) receptor, association neuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector
D) receptor, motor neuron, association neuron, sensory neuron, effector
E) receptor, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, effector

Question 22

The cerebral cortex is the outermost portion of the cerebrum and consists of

A) gray matter
B) myelinated fibers
C) basal ganglia
D) pia mater
E) convolutions called sulci

Question 23

An action potential or nerve impulse is conducted along the length of an axon

A) by neurotransmitters
B) as a wave of depolarization from one segment to the next
C) by the diffusion of sodium ions
D) by successive repolarization of the membrane
E) by the action of negative ions

Question 24

The type of synaptic transmission that makes it more difficult to generate an impulse is _____ transmission.

A) excitatory
B) convergence
C) inhibitory
D) divergence
E) saltatory

Question 25

The depolarization of a myelinated neuron occurs

A) along the entire length of the cell membrane
B) in the myelinated regions only
C) along the dendrites only
D) only at the nodes of Ranvier
E) along the entire length of the neurilemma

Question 26

Rapid impulse conduction from one node to the next on myelinated fibers is called _____ conduction.

A) synaptic
B) nodal
C) saltatory
D) transmission
E) neurilemmal

Question 27

After an action potential,the cell membrane is restored to resting conditions by the

A) diffusion of sodium and potassium
B) active transport of sodium and potassium
C) passive transport of sodium and active transport of potassium
D) active transport of sodium and passive transport of potassium
E) passive transport of sodium and potassium

Question 28

The cerebral hemisphere lobe that is directly posterior to the central sulcus is the

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) insula

Question 29

Which response is NOT associated with the formation of a nerve impulse?

A) sudden diffusion of sodium ions into the cell
B) threshold stimulus
C) depolarization of a cell membrane segment
D) active transport of potassium
E) inside of the cell membrane becomes more positive

Question 30

The minimum stimulus required to initiate a nerve impulse or action potential is called a(n)_____ stimulus.

A) subliminal
B) subthreshold
C) action
D) threshold
E) impulse

Question 31

The region of communication between two neurons is the

A) node of Ranvier
B) synapse
C) neurilemma
D) axon terminal
E) axon junction

Question 32

When a stimulus is applied to a neuron cell membrane,the permeability of the membrane is altered and _____ diffuses to the _____ of the cell resulting in depolarization.

A) potassium; inside
B) sodium; inside
C) potassium; outside
D) sodium; outside
E) calcium; outside

Question 33

Two functional characteristics of neurons are

A) sensitivity and irritability
B) irritability and conductivity
C) feeling and movement
D) afferent and efferent
E) sensory and motor

Question 34

A circuit in which a single neuron synapses with multiple neurons is called a(n)_____ circuit.

A) excitatory
B) convergence
C) inhibitory
D) divergence
E) saltatory

Question 35

The tough,outermost layer of the meninges is the

A) pia mater
B) arachnoid
C) dura mater

Question 36

The band of white fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the

A) basal ganglia
B) falx cerebri
C) corpus callosum
D) cerebellum
E) diencephalon

Question 37

The substance that diffuses across the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next is a

A) neurostimulator
B) neurotransmitter
C) neuroinhibitor
D) combination of sodium and potassium
E) receptor for sodium

Question 38

After depolarization,the neuron cell membrane is repolarized when _____ diffuses to the _____ of the cell.

A) potassium; inside
B) sodium; inside
C) potassium; outside
D) sodium; outside
E) calcium; outside

Question 39

Compared to the inside of the membrane,the outside of the neuron cell membrane has a

A) higher concentration of sodium and is more positively charged
B) higher concentration of potassium and is more positively charged
C) higher concentration of sodium and is more negatively charged
D) higher concentration of potassium and is more negatively charged
E) lower concentration of potassium and is more negatively charged

Question 40

The time during which a neuron is recovering from depolarization is the _____ period.

A) refractory
B) transmission
C) repolarization
D) saltatory
E) inhibitory

Question 41

The most superior portion of the brainstem is the

A) midbrain
B) thalamus
C) pons
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla oblongata

Question 42

Which one of the following is INCORRECT about spinal nerves?

A) There are 7 cervical nerves.
B) There are 12 thoracic nerves.
C) All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
D) The lumbar nerves contain both sensory and motor components.
E) Except in the thoracic region, the main portion of a spinal nerve forms networks called plexuses.

Question 43

A word that means "without speech" is

A) aphasia
B) anesthesia
C) encephalitis
D) glossopharyngeal
E) atrophy

Question 44

The spinal nerve plexus that supplies innervation to the arm is the _____ plexus.

A) cervical
B) brachial
C) lumbar
D) sacral

Question 45

Interpretation of sensory impulses from the skin occurs in the

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) insula

Question 46

Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the cerebellum?

A) It has an outer layer of convoluted gray matter.
B) It functions with the pons as a respiratory center.
C) It communicates with the rest of the brain through the cerebellar peduncles.
D) It consists of two hemispheres.
E) It is important in maintaining muscle tone, posture, and balance.

Question 47

The parasympathetic nervous system

A) causes constriction of cutaneous blood vessels and dilation of vessels to the skeletal muscles
B) decreases heart rate and increases secretion of digestive enzymes
C) releases epinephrine from the postganglionic fibers
D) stimulates the sweat glands in stressful situations
E) has only one neuron in the pathway

Question 48

Which one of the following is INCORRECT about the autonomic nervous system?

A) It is a visceral efferent system.
B) It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
C) It is divided into craniosacral and thoracolumbar divisions.
D) Pathways usually have two neurons between the CNS and the effector organ.
E) Epinephrine is the predominant neurotransmitter within the autonomic ganglia.

Question 49

All of the following are true about the sympathetic division EXCEPT

A) it is also called the thoracolumbar division
B) it helps the body cope with emergencies and stress
C) it is an energy-expending system
D) its postganglionic fibers are cholinergic
E) it causes the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration to increase

Question 50

The precentral gyrus is an important motor area located within the

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) parietal lobe
E) insula

Question 51

The diencephalon includes the

A) cerebrum and cerebellum
B) midbrain and pons
C) hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
D) thalamus and pons
E) thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 52

Which one of the following is INCORRECT about the spinal cord?

A) It extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra.
B) It is divided into 31 segments.
C) It has a layer of gray matter surrounding white matter.
D) Each segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves.
E) It is anchored to the coccyx by a filum terminale.

Question 53

In the brain,the visual sense is perceived in the

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) insula

Question 54

Three cranial nerves that function in eye movements are the

A) optic, oculomotor, and ophthalmic
B) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
C) optic, trigeminal, and oculomotor
D) optic, facial, and trigeminal
E) facial, trochlear, and trigeminal

Question 55

If a patient exhibits irregular fluctuations in body temperature,loss of appetite,and lack of thirst sensations,the portion of the brain that is not functioning properly is probably the

A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) midbrain
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla oblongata

Question 56

In a nerve,each individual nerve fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called

A) dura mater
B) epineurium
C) pia mater
D) endoneurium
E) perineurium

Question 57

Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the third ventricle into the fourth ventricle through the

A) cerebral aqueduct
B) interventricular foramen
C) central canal of spinal cord
D) venous sinuses
E) lateral ventricles

Question 58

A root that means "tongue" is

A) pharyng-
B) corpor-
C) gloss-
D) gangli-
E) phas-

Question 59

The region of the brainstem that contains vital reflex centers for heart rate,respiration,and blood pressure is the

A) midbrain
B) thalamus
C) pons
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla oblongata

Question 60

A defect in the choroid plexus would interfere with an individual's ability to

A) breathe
B) digest food
C) store glycogen
D) form cerebrospinal fluid
E) coordinate muscle activity

Question 61

What is the predominant cation in the extracellular fluid outside a nonconducting neuron?

Question 62

What is the term for the fluid channel between the third and fourth ventricles?

Question 63

What is the term for the tenth cranial nerve?

Question 64

What is the term for the neuroglia cell that binds blood vessels to neurons and forms the blood brain barrier?

Question 65

What is the term for the lobe of the cerebrum that contains the primary motor area?

Question 66

What is the term for the gap between myelin segments in a myelinated nerve fiber?

Question 67

What is the term for the cranial nerve that permits you to smile or frown?

Question 68

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

Question 69

What is the term for the ventricle that is in the region of the diencephalon?

Question 70

What is the term for the region of the brainstem that contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers?

Question 71

What is the term for the lobe of the cerebrum that contains the primary visual area?

Question 72

What is the term for the efferent extension of a neuron?

Question 73

What is the term for the neuroglia cell that is phagocytic?

Question 74

What is the term for the spinal nerve plexus that supplies innervation to the upper extremity?

Question 75

What is the term for the type of circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron synapses with many postsynaptic neurons?