Deck 8: Journalism: From Information to Participation

Question 1

Which of the following became the first commercial news website to win a Pulitzer
Prize?

A) Drudge Report
B) Fox News
C) Huffington Post
D) ProPublica

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Journalism plays a key role in which of the main functions of mass communication?

A) Correlation, entertainment, and cultural transmission
B) Entertainment, education, and informational transmission
C) Cultural transmission, entertainment, and connection
D) Surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission

Answer 2

D

Question 3

"Man Bites Dog," a commonly cited headline in introduction to journalism classes, suggests that news becomes news when it is __________.

A) entertaining
B) extraordinary
C) manipulative
D) realistic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The life of which newspaper owner was the basis for Orson Welles's film Citizen Kane?

A) Thomas Edison
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Joseph Pulitzer
D) William Randolph Hearst

Question 5

What organization spurred the news industry to become more impartial and objective?

A) United Press International
B) The Hearst Foundation
C) The Associated Press
D) The Hutchins Commission

Question 6

What did El Misisipí (1808), the Cherokee Phoenix (1828), and the New Orleans Daily Creole (1856) have in common?

A) They were all owned by the same media organization.
B) All were minority-run newspapers.
C) All were financed by unique fundraising schemes.
D) All belonged to the Afro-American Press Association.

Question 7

Who was Ida B. Wells?

A) A noted nineteenth-century African American journalist
B) The wife of Frederick Douglass, who helped publish the North Star
C) A noted African American magazine publisher
D) The first woman publisher in Canada

Question 8

Who were two newspaper-publishing titans famous for engaging in fierce circulation wars in the late 1890s?

A) Edward R. Murrow and Upton Sinclair
B) William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
C) Robert Maynard Hutchins and Mary Shadd Cary
D) Ida Minerva Tarbell and Joseph Lincoln Steffens

Question 9

A tabloid whose headlines include "Zombies Attack US Troops" and "Dolphin Grows Human Arms" is an example of what type of journalism?

A) Literary
B) Alternative
C) Platypus
D) Yellow

Question 10

__________ allowed journalists in the field to capture and send videotaped news by satellite to the network, where it could be edited and broadcast much more quickly than film.

A) Electronic news-gathering (ENG)
B) Cultural transmission
C) Correlation
D) Slashdot effect

Question 11

__________ journalism, which started in Scandinavia in the late 2000s, is also called solutions journalism.

A) Civic
B) Constructive
C) Public
D) Citizen

Question 12

For what is journalist Edward R. Murrow acclaimed?

A) Setting the television news standard during TV's golden age
B) Developing the inverted pyramid style
C) Restructuring radio newscasts
D) Identifying the foundations of journalism

Question 13

Which of the following was a key finding of the landmark Hutchins Commission report?

A) Journalism, as we know it, would die in the twenty-first century.
B) Media would have to begin hiring more minorities to mirror an expected increase of the minority population in the United States.
C) The public has a right to information that affects it, and the press has a responsibility to present that information.
D) The media need to better balance happy, sad, and sensational stories to prevent desensitization of their readers.

Question 14

Raylene Reporter has just published an article on global warming. Her in-depth news feature, which presents all relevant sides of an issue and allows representatives of those sides equal coverage, exhibits which quality?

A) Objectivity
B) Fairness
C) Accuracy
D) Integrity

Question 15

Objectivity in journalism is increasingly being replaced by which goal?

A) Honesty and truthfulness
B) Fairness and balance in news coverage
C) Framing and the use of expert sources
D) Associated Press news values

Question 16

A high degree of __________ is especially helpful when assessing news sources and the potential biases of alternative media.

A) education
B) skepticism
C) media literacy
D) verbal comprehension

Question 17

Which of the following was a practice of journalism before the advent of the penny press?

A) Newspapers had to hire reporters who actively pursued stories.
B) Editors published their opinions on the "editorial" page.
C) Editors relied largely on "news" proffered by citizens or gathered by a small staff.
D) Publishers concentrated more on sensational crimes and events.

Question 18

Which of the following was a practice of journalism after the advent of the penny press?

A) Newspapers copied liberally from other newspapers, often without crediting their sources.
B) Opinions of editors and publishers were often freely mixed with other news content.
C) Articles were presented in chronological order.
D) Newspapers included a financial page and reporting on public affairs.

Question 19

What factors contributed to the evolution of news in the nineteenth century?

A) Democratization of politics, expansion of the market economy, and the growing impact of a literate middle class
B) Democratization of politics, expansion of the railroad to both coasts, and the growing impact of an entrepreneurial middle class
C) Democratization of politics, expansion of the market economy, and the growing impact of an entrepreneurial middle class
D) Democratization of politics, expansion of the railroad to both coasts, and the growing impact of a literate middle class
E) The growing popularity of political parties, expansion of the market economy, and the growing impact of an entrepreneurial middle class

Question 20

The Associated Press (AP) is well known for its core journalistic values and its commitment to ________.

A) legal advice and opinionated editorials
B) truth and accuracy
C) entertainment and colorful copy
D) a high density of photographs and tabloid news

Question 21

Why does the AP restrict the use of anonymous sources?

A) Anonymous sources cost money.
B) Anonymous sources cannot be trusted.
C) Anonymous sources cannot be confirmed.
D) Anonymous sources erode credibility.

Question 22

Under what conditions can AP reporters use anonymous sources?

A) When the material is opinion or speculation; when information is not available anywhere else; and when the source is reliable
B) When the material is information and vital to the report; when information is not available anywhere else; and when the source is nameless
C) When the material is information, not opinion, and is vital to the report; when information is only available under the conditions of anonymity; and when the source is reliable
D) When the material is information and vital to the report; when the information is also available on the Internet; and when the source is reliable

Question 23

Why did newspapers begin to suffer in the 1920s with the ascent of radio?

A) Radio offered the same news as newspapers, with the addition of lively commentators.
B) Radio offered news more quickly than newspapers, and for free.
C) Radio offered much shorter news reports in the form of news bulletins.
D) Radio offered alternative news that was more sensationalist.

Question 24

News was and still is an important part of how TV fulfills its __________.

A) civic duty to keep the public informed
B) industry requirement to offer educational programming
C) airtime calendar
D) federal mandate to serve the public interest

Question 25

The rise of 24-hour news channels means what?

A) There is a much larger news hole to fill.
B) Journalists can demand higher salaries.
C) Fewer resources are available for media.
D) The need for federal regulation is great.

Question 26

When do traditional news media often decide how they will frame a story?

A) Before reporting begins or before reporting is complete
B) In staff meetings before reporting begins
C) Only after reporting is complete but before publication
D) Only after an editor has looked at and edited the story

Question 27

What is dubbed the "separation between church and state" in newsroom parlance?

A) The separation of editorial and business operations
B) The separation of different topics or subjects into different news sections
C) The separation of news reports and opinion/editorial content
D) The separation of citizen journalism from professional journalism

Question 28

Covering all relevant sides of an issue does not guarantee __________.

A) a front-page story
B) equal space for each side
C) prominent headlines
D) story publication

Question 29

Today's news depictions of Islam present a __________.

A) positive depiction of the Middle East
B) nationalistic "us-versus-them" mentality
C) favorable view of the Cold War
D) greater openness toward women who wear the veil

Question 30

Arts and entertainment, education, health, housing, and science are all examples of __________.

A) frames
B) crowdsourcing
C) news holes
D) beats

Question 31

Who looks for logical weaknesses, errors, and gaps in stories, often asking reporters to get more information?

A) Editors
B) Managers
C) Fact-checkers
D) Copyeditors

Question 32

Which type of journalism developed in the early 1990s in response to dissatisfaction with media treatment of social and political issues and concern about the apathy and cynicism this coverage fostered?

A) Alternative journalism
B) Investigative journalism
C) Electronic journalism
D) Public journalism

Question 33

How have TV news segments changed as time constraints have become more critical?

A) They have increasingly focused only on the most important facts.
B) They now lack the depth of newspaper stories.
C) They are now rehearsed and edited down to the second.
D) They now offer mostly visuals, with little reporting of facts.

Question 34

Why is attracting as large an audience as possible the goal for both print and electronic news distribution?

A) It means a bonus for staff and more income for the media organization.
B) It means no staff cuts and more income for the media organization.
C) It means a higher ad rate and more income for the media organization.
D) It means a higher ad rate and the opportunity for the media organization to promote itself as number one.

Question 35

Why do TV news stories that serve as bait typically appear later in the program?

A) They air when the most people are usually watching.
B) They ensure that people watch the whole newscast.
C) The more important stories are scheduled first.
D) Soft news always comes before hard news.

Question 36

Which type of journalism, also called radical journalism, departs considerably from the traditions of objective reporting and often purposely defies professional conventions?

A) Alternative journalism
B) Citizen journalism
C) Platypus journalism
D) Public journalism

Question 37

Which type of journalism takes a less radical approach that expands the watchdog role of the press while more actively engaging the citizenry in news creation and discussion?

A) Alternative journalism
B) Public journalism
C) Electronic journalism
D) Civilized journalism

Question 38

In April 2017, the Panama Papers won the Pulitzer Prize for explanatory reporting, one of journalism's highest awards. This complex investigative project was based on a new __________ model.

A) ethnographic
B) astroturfing
C) agenda setting
D) collaborative

Question 39

Truman Capote, Tom Wolfe, and Norman Mailer were associated with which type of journalism, criticized for its style that blurred fact and fiction?

A) Alternative journalism
B) Advocacy journalism
C) New Journalism
D) Public journalism

Question 40

Julia is a digital native who gets all her media online. Assuming her behavior is typical, which of the following assertions characterizes her online activity?

A) She spends approximately eighteen minutes a day visiting her favorite news site, Yahoo! News.
B) She prefers to skim material rather than read at length.
C) She prefers not to follow links and usually stays on a single website.
D) She has a longer attention span than those who follow traditional media.

Question 41

How many journalists are working today compared to 1990?

A) About the same number
B) Twice as many
C) About half as many
D) About a third as many

Question 42

Regardless of undergraduate major, what three skills are crucial for a successful journalism career?

A) Digital skills, mobile journalism, knowledge of statistics
B) Storytelling, multimedia graphics, database analysis
C) Writing, editing, and storytelling
D) Reading spreadsheets, Tweeting, bilingualism

Question 43

Press conferences, marches, and rallies staged to attract media attention and influence news coverage are all examples of __________.

A) pseudo-events
B) multicasts
C) news leaks
D) agenda setting

Question 44

The interesting visuals upon which TV news relies can often dictate what?

A) The amount of time for weather and sports in a newscast
B) The amount of advertising time available in a newscast
C) The selection and sequence of stories in a newscast
D) The number of editors needed to put together a newscast

Question 45

Why can't the practice of forcing facts to fit a preconceived frame be wholly avoided?

A) This practice is encouraged by a reporter's editor.
B) This practice makes writing news easier and helps us to make sense of the world.
C) This practice makes writing news easier and helps keep stories short, freeing up more space to sell advertising.
D) This practice appeals politically to a target audience.

Question 46

__________ requires journalists to be competent, if not necessarily expert, with the range of tools in the digital toolkit.

A) Pragmatism
B) Media literacy
C) Multitasking
D) Convergence

Question 47

Which of the following are three reasons newspapers are shifting away from public affairs to popular entertainment?

A) Competition with electronic entertainment media, the need to move beyond basic advertising revenue, and the need for reinvention in an online digital age
B) Competition with electronic entertainment media, the changing ownership structure and economics of newspapers, and the need for reinvention in an online digital age
C) Competition with electronic entertainment media, the changing ownership structure and economics of newspapers, and the need to move beyond basic advertising revenue
D) The changing ownership structure and economics of newspapers, the need for reinvention in an online digital age, and competition with other print entertainment media

Question 48

Industry watchers worry that the persistent dominance of white men in newsrooms does what?

A) Skews news coverage toward entertainment content that appeals only to younger readers/viewers
B) Encourages audiences to adopt viewpoints that are not in their best interests
C) Encourages discrimination lawsuits from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
D) Skews news coverage toward content that appeals only to individuals in this demographic

Question 49

ProPublica and the Texas Tribune are examples of __________ business models.

A) nonprofit
B) for-profit
C) hybrid
D) cooperative

Question 50

Raymond Reporter covers foreign affairs, a job that has become increasingly difficult with the closure of many foreign news bureaus. When Raymond does not have direct access to a location or to colleagues where breaking news is occurring, what technique might he employ to create his report?

A) Crowdsourcing
B) Mobile media
C) Social constructionism
D) Swarming

Question 51

Who is James Gordon Bennett?

Question 52

What are beats, and why are they important?

Question 53

Identify and define the type of reporting that opened the door to a variety of new styles of journalism.

Question 54

What is the Slashdot effect?

Question 55

What is a soft news day?

Question 56

Discuss yellow journalism, including what it means, how its name came about, and the features or characteristics of journalism today that developed from it.

Question 57

The text notes that although digital technology and the Internet will continue to transform journalism, some things will never change. What are some of the basic tenets of journalistic responsibility and practice that remain foundational?

Question 58

Define frames and describe their potential problems.

Question 59

Discuss journalism in the digital world. How has it changed things for journalists and their audience?

Question 60

What is "fake news," when did this become a buzzword, and how does it impact readers?