Deck 4: Audio Media: Music Recordings, Radio

Question 1

The basic business model in the recording industry can be divided into which three main parts?

A) Advertising, subscriptions, and distribution
B) Fees, advertising, and distribution
C) Distribution, creation, and fees
D) Creation, promotion, and distribution

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why is radio the most widely available medium of mass communication around the world?

A) Compared to television, radio is highly portable and less expensive to produce, transmit, and receive.
B) Advertisers make most of their revenue using this medium.
C) The general public needs radio to learn of new musical artists.
D) Radio is the only type of media that can be safely utilized in an automobile.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which genre of music is the most popular format for radio?

A) Rock
B) Rap
C) Country
D) Adult contemporary

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the biggest promotional vehicle for music in the 21^st century?

A) Social media
B) Record-label marketing
C) Concert tours
D) Music videos

Question 5

The gramophone used a flat disc to record sound. Who was its inventor?

A) Thomas Edison
B) Heinrich Hertz
C) Emile Berliner
D) Alexander Graham Bell

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of payola in the record industry?

A) A record label giving cash or gifts to a disc jockey to secure airtime
B) An artist agreeing to an exclusive interview in exchange for increased airtime
C) A disc jockey giving an artist cash or gifts in exchange for an exclusive interview
D) A portion of an artist's salary being derived from the number of albums the record label sells

Question 7

__________ marketing and distribution allow businesses to succeed by selling a greater variety of items but fewer of each.

A) Short tail
B) Long tail
C) Direct
D) Retail

Question 8

Which of the following best demonstrates the difference(s) between television and radio as broadcast media?

A) Compared to radio, television is more expensive to transmit, has higher costs to produce, and is not as easily "played in the background" while participating in another activity such as driving or reading a book.
B) Radio personalities are more appealing than television personalities.
C) Television is mostly funded through advertisements, while radio makes most of its money from subscription services.
D) Radio requires much more infrastructure than television does.

Question 9

Most local radio stations utilize which type of broadcasting?

A) Satellite
B) AM
C) FM
D) Online

Question 10

Who was established as the "father" of radio broadcasting?

A) Ernst Alexanderson
B) Granville T. Woods
C) Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
D) Lee de Forest

Question 11

Who helped push the development of television as a mass medium yet blocked the development of FM radio for years?

A) David Sarnoff
B) Edwin Howard Armstrong
C) Georges Carpentier
D) Edward R. Murrow

Question 12

The __________ was created in 1927 to help regulate the chaos of the largely unregulated airwaves.

A) National Broadcasting Network
B) Federal Radio Commission
C) Radio Act
D) Federal Communications Commission

Question 13

In radio station programming, the 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. time period, when most people listen to the radio as they get ready for work or school, is an example of which of the following?

A) Daypart
B) Timeout
C) Morning marketing
D) Morningpart

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why FM radio is more popular than AM radio today?

A) FM radio has more commercial breaks and therefore more marketing appeal for advertisers.
B) FM radio has a more expensive, stronger broadcasting system.
C) FM radio has less static, its dials are included in most automobile radios, and it typically has more local and diverse programming.
D) AM radio has less interesting programming.

Question 15

Which of the following best summarizes the main difference(s) between satellite radio and traditional radio?

A) Satellite radio is a subscription-based service with fewer limitations on content, better audio quality, and access to a much larger territory than traditional radio.
B) Satellite radio has more advertisements than traditional radio.
C) Satellite radio has a larger audience than traditional radio.
D) Traditional radio utilizes digital signals, whereas satellite radio does not.

Question 16

What is the major difference between a freemium model and a regular subscription service?

A) A freemium model is free.
B) Regular subscription services have advertisements.
C) A freemium model only includes independent artists.
D) Under a freemium model, some content is free, but a monthly subscription is required to access some content.

Question 17

The recording industry is similar to the book-publishing industry in which key way?

A) Both are continuing to lose money.
B) Both are gaining more artists or authors because of the Internet.
C) The vast majority of releases in both industries sell less than 5,000 copies per year.
D) Most of the sales volume in both industries comes from a myriad of authors or artists, numbering in the tens of thousands.

Question 18

DRM stands for which of the following?

A) Digital rights management
B) Digital rights movement
C) Digital radio management
D) Direct rights management

Question 19

Slacker, Pandora, Spotify, and the like often promote their services as __________ radio stations.

A) personal
B) global
C) world music
D) alternative

Question 20

A major reason why self-reports of radio usage tend to be underreported is __________.

A) consumers want to mislead industry officials
B) consumers are embarrassed by the amount of time they spend listening to the radio
C) consumers often play the radio in the background as a filler while they engage in other activities
D) consumers don't care enough about self-reporting to give accurate figures

Question 21

Demonstrating in 1892 a wireless communications device that could even transmit voice and music over a short distance, Kentucky farmer __________ is considered by some as the real inventor of the radio.

A) Ernst Alexanderson
B) Nathan B. Stubblefield
C) Lee de Forest
D) Guglielmo Marconi

Question 22

At its inception, radio received considerable financial support from which of the following?

A) A wealthy entrepreneur
B) The U.S. military
C) Various nonprofit organizations
D) The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Question 23

Which of the following would be prohibited under FCC duopoly rules?

A) Having sole ownership, operation, or control of more than two AM and FM stations in the largest markets
B) Bribing disc jockeys with gifts or cash for airtime
C) Having sole ownership, operation, or control of more than two Internet "radio" stations
D) Engaging in the practice of "price fixing" with other radio stations

Question 24

Radio stations are given call letters designating the station according to __________.

A) the type of programming they air
B) the type of transmission they broadcast
C) the geographic location in which they operate
D) the time they are most active

Question 25

Which of the following is the most significant difference between a podcast and a direct download?

A) Podcasts cost more than direct downloads.
B) Podcasts are more complex than direct downloads.
C) Podcast technology that interfaces with the user's computer differs from a direct file download.
D) Podcasts are more difficult to obtain than podcasts.

Question 26

Suppose you want to finance your own restaurant. Which of the following methods of obtaining seed money would best be described as crowdfunding?

A) Obtaining a business loan from a bank
B) Asking your parents for the money
C) Using a government program to obtain the money
D) Posting the potential location, menu, and business plan to Kickstarter with an appropriate funding goal

Question 27

Appealing to just about everyone, young and old alike, recorded music serves a variety of functions, primarily __________ and __________.

A) entertainment; cultural transmission
B) profit; cultural transmission
C) advertising; entertainment
D) advertising; cultural transmission

Question 28

Which of the following is a form of DRM?

A) Pricing physical CDs lower to remain competitive
B) Offering music online via services like iTunes
C) Restricting either the types of device that can play a downloaded song or the length of time a song can be played
D) Offering digital extras such as behind-the-scenes footage, music videos, and interviews with artists

Question 29

When tuning a radio, you are changing the frequency of the signal the radio receives. This frequency is measured in units named after __________.

A) Heinrich Hertz
B) Granville T. Woods
C) Guglielmo Marconi
D) Lee de Forest

Question 30

Which of the following would best be categorized as a noncommercial radio station?

A) National Public Radio (NPR)
B) Slacker
C) Spotify
D) Sirius XM

Question 31

Which of the following revoked thousands of radio broadcast licenses and instituted a system that favored fewer high-powered stations?

A) The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
B) The Federal Radio Commission (FRC)
C) National Public Radio (NPR)
D) The Public Radio Act

Question 32

Which of the following would most likely be broadcast on National Public Radio (NPR)?

A) A live transmission of Macbeth
B) A live transmission of a prank phone call to Buckingham Palace
C) Top-ten music programming
D) "Shock jock" morning radio

Question 33

__________ labels have the majority of music titles.

A) Major
B) Corporate
C) Internet
D) Independent

Question 34

Which of the following assertions best explains why radio is particularly important in developing nations?

A) Radio is used primarily for entertainment and cultural transmission.
B) Radio is cheap to transmit and receive.
C) Radio personalities usually speak many languages.
D) Radio is the most versatile analog media.

Question 35

Which of the following assertions best explains why radio is used globally as an emergency broadcast system?

A) Radio is highly portable and can utilize a variety of power sources.
B) Radio is very loud.
C) Most cars have a radio.
D) Radio tends to be more trustworthy than other forms of media.

Question 36

Why can online retailers like Amazon afford to stock the merchandise of lesser-known artists?

A) People are likely to make riskier purchases online.
B) Lesser-known artists are more popular on the Internet.
C) Online retailers don't have to worry about display space like a physical store does.
D) Online retailers receive more favorable wholesale discounts.

Question 37

Which of the following best summarizes the difference between direct downloads and subscription services?

A) Artists get fewer royalties from direct downloads than from subscription services.
B) Direct downloads are more expensive than subscription services.
C) Unlike direct downloads, subscription services require a monthly fee, and the music is accessible only as long as the subscription is active.
D) Subscription services are free but often incentivize paying a monthly fee to access additional content, whereas direct downloads cost money.

Question 38

Commercial radio stations make their money from __________.

A) subscribers
B) the recording industry
C) listener contributions
D) on-air advertisements

Question 39

Which of the following would best be described as an independent record label?

A) Sony Music Entertainment
B) Motown
C) Universal Music Group
D) Warner Music Group

Question 40

A major label signs a local band and pays for them to record an album. This enterprise would fall under which category in the recording industry's business model?

A) Creation
B) Advertising
C) Promotion
D) Subscription

Question 41

Which is the world's most popular digital music service?

A) Sirius
B) Slacker
C) Pandora
D) Spotify

Question 42

Which of the following movements redefined rock in the 1960s?

A) Surf rock
B) Folk rock
C) The British Invasion
D) Motown

Question 43

__________ invented FM radio.

A) Edwin Howard Armstrong
B) Thomas Edison
C) Lee de Forest
D) Granville T. Woods

Question 44

If the radio in your car uses a digital signal that charges a monthly or yearly subscription fee, what kind of radio station would you most likely be listening to?

A) Satellite
B) AM
C) FM
D) Commercial

Question 45

__________ was the first broadcasting network.

A) National Public Radio (NPR)
B) The National Broadcasting Company
C) National Private Radio
D) The Columbia Broadcasting System

Question 46

Satellite radio is often of little use during emergency situations. Which of the following best explains why?

A) Satellite radio uses digital signals that are more unreliable than those used by traditional radio.
B) Satellite radio stations do not care about emergency situations.
C) Satellite radio is not forced by the FCC to broadcast about emergency situations.
D) Satellite radio utilizes computerized automated systems to play songs, and DJs often host remotely, making adaptation to a changing situation impossible.

Question 47

Which of the following is the main technological differences between AM and FM radio?

A) AM radio utilizes a digital signal, while FM radio utilizes frequency modulation.
B) AM radio utilizes frequency modulation, while FM radio utilizes amplitude modulation.
C) AM radio utilizes amplitude modulation, while FM radio utilizes frequency modulation.
D) AM radio has less static than FM radio.

Question 48

Which of the following is most similar to a traditional brick-and-mortar record store?

A) Best Buy
B) iTunes
C) Amazon
D) Spotify

Question 49

Napster was which of the following?

A) A record label
B) An Internet retailer
C) An Internet file-sharing program
D) A music subscription service

Question 50

The __________ was an improved audio-recording device invented by Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Tainter.

A) graphophone
B) phonograph
C) gramophone
D) LP

Question 51

What does FCC stand for? Identify when it was established, and briefly explain its purpose.

Question 52

Discuss the major benefit of crowdfunding for musicians.

Question 53

How does public radio differ from commercial radio? Identify an American public radio station in your response.

Question 54

How do podcasts permit more flexible content delivery?

Question 55

Which device is now driving the use of online music services?

Question 56

Using at least two specific examples, discuss how the Internet fundamentally changed the recording industry and what impact these changes had.

Question 57

Describe how satellite radio differs from traditional radio.

Question 58

Discuss the initial response of the recording industry to file-sharing programs. What major practices evolved from this response? Provide specific examples.

Question 59

Explain how two new recording-industry business models that capitalize on the Internet work. Provide an example of each.

Question 60

Describe three distinct advantages of radio over other types of broadcast media.