Deck 6: Antihypertensive

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false?

A)All antihypertensive drugs can cause orthostatic hypotension.
B)Thiazide diuretics have been shown to increase the risk of diabetes.
C)A minimum target increase in heart rate during exercise should be 50 beats/min in patients receiving a beta-blocker.
D)Environmental temperature can affect ADRs of antihypertensive drugs.

Answer 1

A minimum target increase in heart rate during exercise should be 50 beats/min in patients receiving a beta-blocker.

Question 2

Hydrochlorothiazide ___________.

A)enhances the secretion of Ca⁺⁺
B)may cause hypokalemia
C)is contraindicated in patients prone to form renal calculi
D)has been shown to lower blood pressure, morbidity and mortality

Answer 2

may cause hypokalemia

Question 3

Angiotensin II ___________.

A)is formed from renin
B)has special receptors on blood vessels
C)inhibits aldosterone release
D)all are correct

Answer 3

has special receptors on blood vessels

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Normal blood pressure is considered to be 130 over 90
B)Prehypertension is usually treated with diet and exercise
C)Stage I hypertension may be treated first with thiazide diuretics followed by other antihypertensive drugs if needed
D)Severe hypertension is usually treated with two or even three drug combinations

Question 5

The ethnic group most affected by hypertension is ___________.

A)white Americans
B)black Americans
C)Hispanics
D)there is no difference among ethnic groups

Question 6

Diuretics do all of the following except ___________.

A)increase the excretion of Na⁺ and water
B)they are assumed to decrease plasma volume
C)they are classified according to their site of action
D)show a strict correlation between antihypertensive effects and diuresis

Question 7

Mean arterial pressure depends on ___________.

A)heart rate
B)stroke volume
C)peripheral resistance
D)All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not a vasodilator?

A)Nitric oxide
B)Prostaglandins, specifically PGI₂
C)Angiotensin II
D)C natriuretic peptides

Question 9

Calcium channel blockers ___________.

A)increase calcium fluxes in arterial smooth muscles
B)dilate blood vessels and depress cardiac activity
C)are also used to treat headaches and migraines
D)are frequently combined with beta-blockers

Question 10

Diuretics are used in the treatment of hypertension to ________________.

A)stimulate the autonomic nervous system
B)help the body retain sodium
C)remove salt and fluid from the body
D)raise blood pressure

Question 11

Vasoconstriction would be desired when it is necessary to ___________.

A)lower blood pressure
B)raise blood pressure
C)stop cardiac arrhythmias
D)prolong clotting time

Question 12

Therapeutic concerns with the use of diuretics include ___________.

A)dehydration
B)muscle weakness
C)hyperglycemia
D)All of the above

Question 13

The mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers is to ________________.

A)force the calcium out of the myocardial cells
B)block the entry of calcium into the myocardial cells
C)constrict blood vessels
D)act as an autonomic drug

Question 14

Therapeutic actions of β-blockers include __________.

A)bronchoconstriction
B)reflex peripheral vasoconstriction
C)decreased renin release
D)increased sodium retention

Question 15

Which of the following drug types lowers systolic blood pressure?

A)Calcium channel blockers
B)ACE inhibitors
C)Nitrates
D)All of the above

Question 16

Nonselective β-blockers can be used to treat hypertension and which of the following?

A)Superventricular arrhythmia
B)Heart block
C)COPD
D)Heart failure

Question 17

ACE inhibitors ___________.

A)are usually the drugs of last resort
B)cause hypokalemia
C)can cause a disabling cough
D)include drugs like losartan and olmesartan

Question 18

To maintain normal blood pressure,the body has reflex mechanisms available.Which of the following reflex mechanisms helps to maintain normal blood pressure?

A)Increased pressure increases heart rate
B)Increased pressure reduces heart rate
C)Decreased blood pressure decreases heart rate
D)Decreased blood pressure decreases peripheral resistance

Question 19

You are working with a patient who is on β-blockers.The resting heart rate is 80 bpm,and the resting BP is 135/90 mm Hg.Which of the following is an acceptable response to exercise?

A)Exercise heart rate = 140 bpm, BP =140/60 mm Hg
B)Exercise heart rate = 100 bpm, BP = 145/85 mm Hg
C)Exercise heart rate = 80 bpm, BP = 140/120 mm Hg
D)Exercise heart rate = 70 bpm, BP = 100/60 mm Hg

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Atenolol and metoprolol are relatively selective beta 2 blockers.
B)Pindolol inhibits beta receptors only when sympathetic activity is low.
C)Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockers can trigger dangerous dysrhythmias.
D)Beta-blockers cause irritation and insomnia.

Question 21

Why would a thiazide diuretic and a K⁺-sparing diuretic be administered together?

A)This combination prevents hypokalemia.
B)This combination prevents dehydration.
C)These drugs are effective at increasing glomerular filtration rate when given together.
D)Moderate doses of two diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one.

Question 25

MATCHING
A.Thrombolytics
B.α-Blockers
C.Antiarrhythmic
D.Oral anticoagulants
1.Hemorrhage, headache, bloody stools, stiff joints
2.Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness
3.Aggravation of cardiac rhythm disturbances, dizziness, visual disturbances
4.Vitamin K deficiency, bleeding, many drug interactions

Question 26

MATCHING
A.ACE Inhibitor
B.Calcium channel blocker
C.HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
D.β-blocker
E.Thiazide diuretics
1.Dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension
2.Hypotension, constipation, dizziness
3.Gas, stomach cramps, nausea, muscle pain
4.Hyperglycemia, abnormalities in lipid profile, bradycardia
5.Hypotension, dehydration, hypokalemia

Question 27

An asymptomatic female athlete with mild hypertension (150/95 mm Hg)should be treated with which of the following regimens or drugs?

A)Nonspecific β-blocker
B)Calcium channel blocker
C)ACE receptor blocker
D)α₂ Agonist

Question 28

Question 29

You are treating a patient with hypertension who is taking a β-blocker.Information regarding safe dosing and exercise include which of the following?

A)A patient who experiences dizziness during exercise should stop the drug for 2 days.
B)Increased consumption of broccoli is required to prevent bleeding during exercise with this drug.
C)A heart rate under 60 bpm requires skipping a dose and contacting the physician.
D)To combat the fatiguing effect of the drug during exercise, drink 2 cups of caffeinated coffee before therapy.