Question 1

Status asthmaticus ______________.&#10;A)can be caused by too frequent applications of leukotriene antagonists&#10;B)can be precipitated by the formation of airflow impairing mucus plugs&#10;C)is usually self-limiting&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

It can be caused by too frequent use of long-term beta 2 agonists.It is a life-threatening event.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false regarding beta 2 agonists used to treat asthma?&#10;A)They stimulate bronchial beta 2 receptors.&#10;B)They are divided into short- and long-acting drugs.&#10;C)Used long term they can cause tolerance.&#10;D)Given orally they are more effective than those used by inhalation.

Accepted Answer

They stimulate beta receptors,are divided into short- (4-6 hours)and long-acting (12 hours)drugs and can cause tolerance,in particular the long acting drugs.Thus,they should be used only if absolutely necessary.Oral drugs are less effective and cause more adverse reactions (e.g.,tachycardia and arrhythmias,blood glucose levels,tremors,and hypokalemia).

Question 3

Theophylline ______________.&#10;A)is the generic name for caffeine&#10;B)blocks muscarinic receptors causing bronchodilation&#10;C)is often the oral drug of first choice&#10;D)can cause a number of adverse drug interactions

Accepted Answer

The addition of other drugs to the use of Theophylline must be carefully monitored.It is not caffeine but chemically related and it also occurs in tea,coffee and chocolate.It blocks phosphodiesterase and increases c-AMP which relaxes bronchi.It is reserved for other drug resistant cases since it has a very small margin of safety and carries a number of adverse reactions like insomnia,tachycardia,hypertension and arrhythmias.

Question 4

Cromolyn and nedocromil ______________.&#10;A)inhibit the release of histamine and leukotrienes from mast cells&#10;B)cause bronchodilation by stimulating H1 receptors&#10;C)can quickly terminate an asthmatic attack&#10;D)are seldom used because of their adverse reactions

Accepted Answer

They prevent the release of histamine which stimulates H1 receptors and causes bronchoconstriction.They prevent the release of histamine and prevent its bronchoconstrictive action.They are used only for prophylaxis but are ineffective against the action of already released histamine.They are quite safe but not effective in all types of asthma.

Question 5

Which of the following drugs are considered short-term relievers for asthma?&#10;A)b&#8322; agonists&#10;B)Oral steroids&#10;C)Inhaled steroids&#10;D)Leukotriene antagonists

Accepted Answer

Steroids and leukotriene antagonists are used to reduce the frequency of asthmatic attacks but will not reduce the attack once it begins.

Question 6

Alpha agonists used to treat rhinitis ______________.&#10;A)dilate blood vessels and decrease vessel permeability&#10;B)can cause a rebound effect&#10;C)can cause orthostatic hypotension&#10;D)are the only agents which have been shown to be effective in rhinitis

Accepted Answer

Nasal sprays used more than 3 days can make a stuffy and runny nose worse while orally used alpha agonists do not.They constrict blood vessels and reduce permeability,which decreases water efflux and swelling as well as rhinorrhea.They can cause an increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction.They are available over-the-counter but other drugs like corticosteroids,antihistamines or leukotriene antagonists can also be used.

Question 7

Inflamed bronchi can become hyper-active in response to all of the following except ______________.&#10;A)exercise&#10;B)cold, dry air&#10;C)allergens&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Asthmatic attacks can be triggered by cold and dry air.

Question 8

Exercise induced asthma ______________.&#10;A)is a relative rare occurrence&#10;B)will get worse the more a person exercises&#10;C)can be prevented by using a short-acting beta 2 agonist 15-60 minutes before exercise&#10;D)has been shown not to be influenced by warm-up procedures before exercise

Accepted Answer

It occurs quite often and has been estimated that it may occur in up to 50% of athletes.Studies have shown that it decreases in some affected individuals during repeated training sessions and that warm-up procedures are beneficial.

Question 9

You are exercising a teenage girl who has a history of asthma.During the course of her therapy session she begins to complain of cough,dyspnea,and wheezing.Unfortunately she has left her inhaler at home.Vital signs include RR,42 breaths/minutes; pulse rate,120 bpm; and blood pressure,150/70 mm Hg.What is the most immediate course of action?

A)Send her home.
B)Have her breathe into a bag.
C)Call her home to see if someone can bring in her inhaler.
D)Call 911.

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate and HR are elevated and immediate medical attention is needed.

Question 10

Which one of the following is the most appropriate drug to reverse her acute bronchoconstriction?&#10;A)Inhaled &#945;&#8322; agonists&#10;B)Inhaled anticholinergics&#10;C)Inhaled mast cell stabilizers&#10;D)Oral steroids

Accepted Answer

α₂ agonists are short-term relievers used to stop an asthma attack once it begins.

Question 11

Which of the following drugs are used to lessen the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?&#10;A)Mucolytic agents&#10;B)&#946;-Blockers&#10;C)Calcium channel blockers&#10;D)Agonists

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs are used...

Question 12

You are treating a 67-year-old male with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In addition,he has a history of hypertension and congestive heart disease.Which of the following drugs would be contraindicated?

A)Diuretic
B)ACE inhibitor
C)ACE receptor blocker
D)Inhaled steroids

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are treating a 67-year-old male with...

Question 13

Leukotriene affecting drugs ______________.&#10;A)can be divided into synthesis inhibitors and receptor blockers&#10;B)are only used as monotherapy&#10;C)are contraindicated in children&#10;D)are highly effective but carry many adverse reactions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leukotriene affecting drugs ______________.&#10;A)can be divided into...

Question 14

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is treated with all of the following drugs except ______________.&#10;A)corticosteroids&#10;B)beta 2 agonists&#10;C)muscarinic antagonists&#10;D)antihistamines

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is treated with...

Question 15

Measured dose inhalation devices must be used properly.Which of the following is false?&#10;A)They should be kept at room temperature and shaken before use.&#10;B)They should be held about 2-4 inches from the mouth (unless a spacer is provided).&#10;C)The patient should exhale before use.&#10;D)The patient should activate the device while inhaling slowly for 2-5 seconds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Measured dose inhalation devices must be used...

Question 16

Endogenous substances which cause bronchoconstriction include all of the following except&#10;______________.&#10;A)acetylcholine&#10;B)histamine&#10;C)epinephrine&#10;D)leukotrienes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endogenous substances which cause bronchoconstriction include all...

Question 17

Further questioning of this patient revealed that she suffers at least four asthmatic episodes per week.Which of the following drugs would be most useful in providing a sustained resolution of her symptoms?

A)IV steriods
B)Leukotriene antagonists
C)Inhaled α₂ agonists
D)Coffee

Accepted Answer

The answer of Further questioning of this patient revealed that...

Deck 9: Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Disorders