Question 1

The preference for and privileging of lighter skin and discrimination against those with darker skin is known as ______.&#10;A) racism&#10;B) colorism&#10;C) culturism&#10;D) purism

Accepted Answer

Colorism is the preference for and privileging of lighter skin tones over darker skin tones within a racial or ethnic group. It is a form of discrimination based on skin color that can occur within and across different racial and ethnic groups, and can have harmful effects on individuals and communities. Racism refers to discrimination based on race, while culturism and purism are not widely recognized terms related to skin color discrimination.

Question 2

Why does the relationship between skin color and judgments about attractiveness affect women most acutely?&#10;A) Women typically have dark skin.&#10;B) Women typically have lighter skin.&#10;C) Women's worth is based primarily on wealth and prestige.&#10;D) Women's worth is judged heavily on appearance.

Accepted Answer

Women's worth is often judged heavily on their appearance, and therefore judgments about attractiveness based on skin color can have a particularly acute impact on them.

Question 3

According to the author, the site where all of the players in the global lightening market meet is ______.&#10;A) China&#10;B) the movies&#10;C) India&#10;D) the internet

Accepted Answer

The author states that "Whether it's through global trading platforms on the Internet or through informal networks, all the players in the global lightning market meet." This indicates that the internet is the site where all players in the market meet. Therefore, the correct choice is D).

Question 4

In Southern Africa, European colonialism equated Blackness with ______.&#10;A) beauty&#10;B) turbulence&#10;C) sophistication&#10;D) dirt

Accepted Answer

European colonialism equated Blackness with dirt in Southern Africa, promoting white supremacy and justifying the exploitation and dehumanization of Black people.

Question 5

Three of the largest corporations involved in the skin-lightening market are ______.&#10;A) L'Oreal, Shiseido, and Unilever&#10;B) Revlon, Burt's Bees, and General Mills&#10;C) Arbonne, Clinique, and Ginsburg&#10;D) Nabisco, Benefit, and Estee Lauder

Accepted Answer

L'Oreal, Shiseido, and Unilever are all well-known brands in the beauty industry and have been involved in the skin-lightening market, with products marketed in countries where fair skin is highly valued. The other options listed do not have any notable involvement in the skin-lightening market.

Question 6

Who is currently driving the market for skin lighteners in South Africa?&#10;A) rural, poor black women&#10;B) rural, poor white women&#10;C) upwardly mobile black women&#10;D) upwardly mobile white men

Accepted Answer

According to the article, the recent growth in the skin lightener market in South Africa is primarily driven by "upwardly mobile black women" who see lighter skin as a symbol of progress and success.

Question 7

Discussions of skin lightening on African American internet forums indicate that the participants seek ______ skin.&#10;A) white&#10;B) Mulatto&#10;C) freckled&#10;D) light

Accepted Answer

The term "light" here is used as a euphemism for lighter skin tone, which is often associated with Eurocentric beauty standards in Western societies. While some participants may explicitly state that they want "white" skin, this is not always the case and "light" is a more common euphemism used. Neither A nor B correctly captures what is being sought by the participants. C, freckled, is not generally associated with skin tone and is not relevant to the discussion of skin lightening.

Question 8

The largest market for skin lighteners is found in ______.&#10;A) India&#10;B) South Africa&#10;C) Malaysia&#10;D) China

Accepted Answer

According to market research, India has the largest market for skin lightening products with an estimated value of $450 million.

Question 9

The use of skin lighteners by Latino immigrants came to the attention of the United States because of ______.&#10;A) a double homicide involving a son killing his parents&#10;B) outbreaks of mercury poisoning&#10;C) cheating in the Femina Miss India pageant&#10;D) false advertising by a large cosmetics company

Accepted Answer

Outbreaks of mercury poisoning were the reason why the use of skin lighteners by Latino immigrants came to the attention of the United States.

Question 10

What is the chemical of choice in high-end skin lighteners?&#10;A) mercury&#10;B) vitamin E&#10;C) hydroquinone&#10;D) corticosteroids

Accepted Answer

Hydroquinone is the most effective skin lightening agent available and is frequently used in high-end skin lightening products. Mercury and corticosteroids are banned or restricted due to their harmful effects, and vitamin E is not a skin lightening agent.

Question 11

Discuss how large manufacturers of skin lighteners not only respond to a preexisting need but create a need for their products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how large manufacturers of skin lighteners...

Question 12

Elaborate on the importance of the internet in the current lightening market.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elaborate on the importance of the internet...

Question 13

Identify one side effect of each of the three most common chemicals used in skin lighteners.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify one side effect of each of...

Question 14

Explain the paper bag test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the paper bag test....

Question 15

Which countries have the most desirable skin color, according to young Filipinas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which countries have the most desirable skin...

Deck 34: Yearning for Lightness: Transnational Circuits in the Marketing and Consumption of Skin Lighteners