Deck 7: The Engines of Industrialization: 1787-1868

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

A) It reinforced the "Biological Old Regime".
B) It spread evenly across the Eurasian continent.
C) India was an early industrializer because of the demand for cotton textiles.
D) Human attitudes toward the natural environment were changed.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Historians who try to attribute the Industrial Revolution to a European "respect for manual labor" overlook the:

A) Enlightenment ideal of freedom.
B) presence and persistence of slavery.
C) importance of steam power.
D) Judeo-Christian emphasis on days of rest and reflection.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The "California School" of world history asserts that ____________ were key contributors to the Industrial Revolution.

A) colonies and the availability of coal near population centers
B) culture and the unique features of the Protestant work ethic
C) climate and the availability of arable land in western Europe
D) Confucianism and the importance of filial piety in China.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The textbook authors, Carter and Warren, point out that the Industrial Revolution was aided by a large transfer of wealth from:

A) business owners to the bourgeoisie.
B) business owners to the proletariat.
C) Africa and Native Americans to Europeans.
D) Britain to China.

Question 5

The most important factor in breaking the "biological old regime" was:

A) the development of ways to harness new sources of energy for production
B) the Peace of Westphalia
C) the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species
D) all of the above played equally important roles at different levels

Question 6

The author advocating free trade in his book, Wealth of Nations was

A) Adam Smith
B) Frederick Engels
C) Karl Marx
D) Andrew Ure

Question 7

Which of the following best characterizes the Marxist theory of history?

A) Economic competition leads to the highest possible level of prosperity for all.
B) The struggle between propertied classes and laboring classes is the determining force in human affairs.
C) There is no avoiding the fact that there will always be impoverished classes in every society.
D) It is only possible to achieve social justice and economic equality within a capitalistic economic framework.

Question 8

The term bourgeoisie refers to:

A) the European landed aristocracy.
B) factory owners, bankers and others who control property.
C) wage workers.
D) the French royal family.

Question 9

Effects of the Opium Wars (1839-42 and 1856-60) include:
I) Hong Kong became a British colony.
II) Opium use in China was legalized.
III) Christianity in China was banned.
IV) The Qing Dynasty saw the need to modernize China.

A) I, II, and III only.
B) II, III and IV only.
C) I, II, and IV only.
D) I, III, and IV only.

Question 10

The Industrial Revolution created so much wealth that Europeans did not engage in any wars between 1830 and 1900.

Question 11

Which of the following did Karl Marx say was inevitable in the course of history?
I) Capitalism would collapse.
II) Private property would be abolished.
III) The Proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie.

A) I and II only.
B) II and III only.
C) I and III only.
D) I, II and III.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the industrial revolution?

A) Humans were no longer vulnerable to environmental changes.
B) It led to an even distribution of wealth throughout society.
C) It involved harnessing new sources of energy from the earth.
D) It was based upon the practice of free trade.

Question 13

Between 1750 and 1900, the population of the world:

A) remained about the same.
B) rose fastest in countries experiencing industrialization.
C) rose at an even pass on all continents.
D) rose rapidly between 1750 and 1850 then returned to its 1800 level by 1900

Question 14

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects historians' understanding of China's economy about the mid-1700's?

A) China's economic markets were about as free and open as European ones.
B) China's internal canal system impeded industrialization.
C) Chinese philosophy did not respect science.
D) Chinese markets were under heavy government supervision thus inhibiting industrialization.

Question 15

The industrial working class in the early years of the Industrial Revolution:

A) did not include any women
B) excluded children under the age of 18 from the labor force
C) worked long hours under dangerous conditions
D) successfully organized unions to achieve an eight-hour workday by 1827

Question 16

Marxists proposed the theory that:

A) state officials are neutral referees in conflicts among individuals
B) absolute monarchy was the breeding ground of fascism
C) State mechanisms are controlled by economic elites
D) a return to mercantilism would get Europe out of the "capitalist trap."

Question 17

The Taiping Rebellion in China contributed to:

A) calls for reforms to modernize China
B) abdication by the Qing Dynasty
C) adoption of a communist economy
D) religious freedom.

Question 18

One outgrowth of nineteenth century European conflict was

A) the collapse of the Russian Empire in the 1860s.
B) humanitarian agencies to care for victims of war.
C) formation of a League of Nations.
D) a binding agreement on trade relations with African nations.

Question 19

In 1860, in the United States about four million people out of a population of 31 million were

A) Irish immigrants
B) women
C) child miners
D) slaves

Question 20

Born in China, Yung Wing attended Yale College; married an American woman; became a naturalized US citizen and

A) joined the Union Army in the Civil War
B) fought for the Confederacy in the US Civil War
C) was exiled from the US because of his race
D) fought for the US in World War I

Question 21

For many political leaders, industrialization magnified the importance of:

A) the self-strengthening movement.
B) investing in new military technology.
C) creating egalitarian social programs.
D) disarmament.

Question 22

Explain the impact of industrialization on different sectors of the global labor force.

Question 23

Explain the impact of industrialization on the global balance of power in the nineteenth century.

Question 24

Compare and contrast the observations of industrialization, and predictions about the future, made during the first half of the nineteenth century.