Deck 10: Race, Ethnicity, and Work

Question 1

According to Thomas and Chrobot-Mason, colorblindness is _______.

A) possible.
B) not useful.
C) a myth.
D) a law.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a colorblind belief?

A) Race does matter but should not matter.
B) Race should be replaced with ethnicity.
C) Race does not exist.
D) Race does not and should not matter.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What are the two types of factors of the CoBRAS?

A) color evasion and power evasion
B) multiculturalism and colorblindness
C) cultural factors and privilege factors
D) awareness evasion and privilege evasion

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When talking to others about racial issues, Carla always says that she thinks that race is irrelevant and shouldn't matter. This is an example of what belief system?

A) meritocratic
B) colorblind
C) multicultural
D) racist

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of the colorblind belief system?

A) blindness to bias
B) impaired perception of racial climate
C) less effective communication with people of color
D) all of the above

Question 6

According to the Ethnicity Paradigm, racial groupings were seen as _______.

A) imperfect.
B) permanent because they resulted from institutional factors.
C) temporary and resulting from immigrant characteristics.
D) irrelevant.

Question 7

What is a problem with the Ethnicity Paradigm and its assumption of assimilation?

A) It ignores institutional structures that support inequality.
B) The victim is blamed for being different.
C) It accepts inequality as inevitable and natural.
D) All of these are shortcomings of this view.

Question 8

From the perspective of the Ethnicity Paradigm, the purpose of Civil Rights Act (1964) was to

A) eliminate barriers to assimilation and integration.
B) create a more colorblind world.
C) develop guidelines to protect minorities from discrimination.
D) allow businesses to socialize minorities in a different way from Whites.

Question 9

Asian-Americans are often seen as a _________ because they seem to conform more to American cultural ideals such as hard work, respect for family, and self-sufficiency.

A) non-minority
B) true American minority
C) superficial minority
D) model minority

Question 10

The two common types of discrimination identified by Ilgen and Youtz are _______ and _______ discrimination.

A) hostile and benevolent
B) access and treatment
C) modern and old-fashioned
D) first- and second-generation

Question 11

Jaimey, a Hispanic woman, recently applied for an office job but was not hired. According to feedback from interviews, she learned she had received lower ratings than non-Hispanic applicants. She may have experienced what type of discrimination?

A) treatment discrimination
B) hostile discrimination
C) access discrimination
D) indirect discrimination

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of treatment discrimination?

A) self-fulfilling prophecies
B) tokenism
C) lost opportunities for people of color
D) all of the above

Question 13

What is reported to be the most common method of assessing job applicants?

A) cognitive ability tests
B) unstructured interviews
C) assessment centers
D) work samples

Question 14

Any employment test administered to individuals should generally have ________, which is the degree to which the test successfully predicts future job performance.

A) content validity
B) criterion-related validity
C) reliability
D) accuracy

Question 15

Which measure appears to result in the largest adverse impact by race (the largest effect size)?

A) personality
B) biodata
C) interpersonal abilities
D) cognitive ability

Question 16

Race differences in job performance are

A) smaller than differences in selection measures.
B) smaller on measures like absenteeism and accidents than on cognitive measures such as job knowledge tests.
C) difficult to interpret when supervisor ratings are used.
D) all of these.

Question 17

The D-V Dilemma

A) has been disproven by meta-analytic studies.
B) refers to the contradiction between increasing employee diversity and reliance on valid measures that often show adverse impact.
C) contrasts the pipeline with the "great divide."
D) results from Supreme Court decisions under Title VII.

Question 18

Organizations generally respond to the D-V dilemma by

A) hiring additional legal consultants.
B) revising selection strategies and/or increasing diversity through AA efforts.
C) raising cut-off scores.
D) using subgroup norming.

Question 19

What are the two types of adverse impact model, according to Outtz and Newman (2010)?

A) first-generation and second-generation
B) covert and overt
C) direct and indirect
D) original and revised

Question 20

Outtz and Newman suggested a new way of thinking about what to do about the D-V dilemma. According to their model,

A) short-term strategies include targeted recruiting and weighting of predictors and criteria.
B) medium-term strategies include development of better predictors.
C) long-term strategies include public policy changes such as improving health and education.
D) all of these.

Question 21

Which of the following is a medium-term strategy for developing fairer selection as recommended by Outtz and Newman (2010)?

A) development of better predictors
B) creation of colorblind strategy
C) targeted recruiting
D) addressing poverty

Question 22

Rivera studied professional law firms that claimed to have an AA program but lacked racial diversity among newly hired attorneys. What accounted for this?

A) hiring decisions made by HR staff
B) recruitment from only the most prestigious law schools
C) a poorly developed AA plan
D) all of these

Question 23

A social system that benefits the majority while disadvantaging another group of a different color, race, or ethnicity would be described as what?

A) privilege maintenance
B) symbolic racism
C) general racism
D) institutional racism

Question 24

Which of the following is a belief of Modern and/or Symbolic racism?

A) Racial prejudices and discrimination are very rare.
B) Black people are not motivated enough to do better.
C) Blacks expect special treatment and support.
D) All of these.

Question 25

Which is the diversity professional least likely to encounter in today's work organizations?

A) aversive racism
B) Jim Crow racism
C) modern racism
D) implicit bias

Question 26

Lana is offended when her friend Vivian tries to point out she has said or done something racist, and insists that she is egalitarian and nonprejudiced. When Vivian suggests having lunch at a restaurant operated by a Black family, Lana says she does not care for that kind of food. Lana may be expressing

A) colorblindness.
B) symbolic racism.
C) aversive racism.
D) no problematic attitudes.

Question 27

The IAT is a test that aims to measure

A) explicit biases.
B) implicit biases.
C) covert behaviors.
D) overt behaviors.

Question 28

Implicit bias is

A) automatic.
B) intentional.
C) measured directly.
D) all of these.

Question 29

Can race or color be considered a BFOQ?

A) Yes, both race and color may be BFOQs.
B) Only color may be a BFOQ.
C) Only race may be a BFOQ.
D) No, neither race nor color may be a BFOQ.

Question 30

Which of these prohibits employment discrimination based on national origin?

A) Title VII
B) the Constitution
C) IRCA
D) all of these

Question 31

According to population surveys, which group has reportedly experienced the most discrimination?

A) Blacks
B) Hispanics
C) Asians
D) Whites

Question 32

A hiring manager often refuses to hire Blacks and Hispanics because of what he believes to be factual information (supervisor job evaluations) showing evidence that Black and Hispanic workers are rated more poorly compared to Whites. This illustrates

A) benevolent discrimination.
B) aversive racism.
C) statistical discrimination.
D) treatment discrimination.

Question 33

Audit studies

A) have been used to study frequency of racio-ethnic discrimination in hiring.
B) have shown that Whites with criminal records are more likely to be called back than Blacks without criminal records.
C) are field experiments.
D) all of these.

Question 34

English-only policies at work

A) are a violation of Title VII.
B) may create problems with safety.
C) are widespread, especially in public safety agencies.
D) are required by immigration law.

Question 35

The Ricci v. DeStefano Firefighter case highlighted what issue?

A) workplace use of languages other than English
B) "reverse discrimination"
C) problems in the use of assessment centers
D) workplace harassment

Question 36

Why is the term "minority" problematic?

Question 37

Distinguish "race" from "ethnicity." Why is the term "racio-ethnicity" used?

Question 38

What is a colorblind ideology (as measured by the CoBRAS), and how does it differ from a multicultural view?

Question 39

Is it possible for someone to be truly "colorblind"? Why or why not?

Question 40

What are some consequences of a colorblind ideology?

Question 41

What is the "Ethnicity Paradigm" and how is it relevant to organizational diversity and inclusion?

Question 42

Why are Asian Americans called the "Model Minority"? What are some consequences of this stereotype?

Question 43

Give two examples of (a) access discrimination, and (b) treatment discrimination?

Question 44

What is the "accumulation of advantage and disadvantage"?

Question 45

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using standardized tests for selection from the perspective of a diversity manager.

Question 46

What is the diversity-validity dilemma? How do employers typically respond to this quandary?

Question 47

Distinguish between Outtz & Newman's "first-generation adverse impact model" and their "second-generation model.? Why is this a useful distinction?

Question 48

Rivera studied recruitment and hiring in prestigious law firms. These firms thought they were trying to increase racial diversity among new hires but were not successful. Explain two reasons for this outcome.

Question 49

Distinguish among race discrimination, racism, and institutional racism.

Question 50

You overhear a co-worker say, "Slavery and segregation ended a long time ago. Why can't we just "get over it"? How might a diversity manager interpret this perspective? What does it overlook?

Question 51

How is "contemporary racism" different from "old-fashioned racism"?

Question 52

Give two examples of the beliefs held by those with Modern or Symbolic Racist views.

Question 53

What is implicit bias, and why is it difficult to control?

Question 54

List two federal laws written to address race discrimination. Briefly state what they prohibit.

Question 55

According to sociologists, three processes underly patterns of segregation. List and explain two of these processes.

Question 56

What is an audit study and what does it generally show, based on the examples in the text?

Question 57

The text presents several examples of actual EEOC complaints of discrimination or harassment based on race, color, or national origin. Describe any two of these.

Question 58

What is "reverse discrimination"? Why is this term misleading?

Question 59

Explain the dilemma faced by the New Haven Civil Service Board in the Ricci case.