Deck 21: Corrections in the 21st Century

Question 1

Which of the following correctional population has quadrupled between the 1980s and 2017?

A) Probation
B) Parole
C) Jail
D) Prison

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following punitive policies have yielded an overuse of corrections?

A) The drug war
B) Mandatory sentencing
C) Supermax prisons
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When looking at our history in corrections, which often cited truism of 20th century philosopher is often used?

A) If you build it, they will come
B) No crime is good crime
C) Those who do not know their history are likely to repeat it
D) All of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What can be attributed to the explanation for the decline in the use of incarceration?

A) Decline in crime
B) Effect of drug war has waned
C) Declines are tied to reduced state populations
D) All of these

Question 5

Declines in the numbers of persons in prisons and jails and community corrections were generally at the _____ level.

A) local
B) state
C) federal
D) tribal

Question 6

It is said that mass decarceration can bring which of the following outcomes?

A) a greater sense of justice.
B) fewer tax dollars being devoted to corrections.
C) reduction in correctional industry growth.
D) all of these

Question 7

Which of the following states experienced a discernible trend in declines of incarceration rates over the last decade?

A) New York
B) New Jersey
C) Maryland
D) all of these

Question 8

What was the incarceration rate for jails in the United States in 2009?

A) 125 persons per 100,000 residents
B) 108 persons per 100,000 residents
C) 250 persons per 100,000 residents
D) 502 persons per 100,000 residents

Question 9

In 2012, six states ended their contracts with private prisons because of concerns regarding

A) safety and cost cutting
B) medical care
C) staff salaries
D) quality of food

Question 10

Which of the following types of prisons are easier and faster to build?

A) local jails
B) state prisons
C) federal prisons
D) private prisons

Question 11

Why are private prisons considered to be easier and faster to build?

A) private contractors can get better deals
B) they do not require the authorization of bonds from state legislatures
C) the public advocates for them
D) they are smaller in size

Question 12

Recidivism rates tend to be higher among those who did their time in

A) local jails
B) state prisons
C) private prisons
D) federal prisons

Question 13

Some have argued that corrections has become a similar enterprise among

A) state legislatures, governors, and city and town leaders
B) prison/jail contractors, vendors, and private prison corporations
C) probation and parole managers
D) all of these

Question 14

_____ is the key to moving correctional institutions and programs into the 21^st century.

A) Privatization
B) Professionalization
C) Diversity training
D) Technology

Question 15

Another explanation for the decreased use of incarceration may be the increased use of treatment programming that addresses the appropriate

A) risk
B) needs
C) responsivity levels
D) all of these

Question 16

Which of the following has lead to cost of billions of dollars with no collateral decrease in crime?

A) the incarceration of too many first-time and nonviolent offenders
B) the professionalization of American corrections
C) the privatization of corrections in the United States
D) the increased use of treatment programming programs

Question 17

By 2008, the mean length of stay for violent offenders was

A) 36 months
B) 44 months
C) 48 months
D) 52 months

Question 18

Offenders sentenced to prison have more than quadrupled from 1980 to 2017.

Question 19

The drug war has helped to increase the rates of female and racial and ethnic minority populations in prison.

Question 20

Money can be saved through decarceration.

Question 21

The Sentencing Project Report has indicated that in 2010 30 states continued the trend of reforming sentencing policies and reducing the use of imprisonment.

Question 22

Penal harm is the movement in corrections based on punishment.

Question 23

What has been attributed to the increase of warehousing in corrections?

Question 24

What is prison privatization?

Question 25

In 1973, who wrote Kind and Usual Punishment: The Prison Business; a book that details the misuse of public monies for prisons?

Question 26

How much did Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) make with the Idaho state contract?

Question 27

Discuss the benefits and possible positive outcomes of mass decarceration.

Question 28

Discuss where you think the field of corrections will be in 50 years.

Question 29

Do you agree with where corrections is today? What would you change about the current corrections field?

Question 30

What do you think is the most crucial issue that affects corrections in the 21st century? (Whole Chapter)

Question 31

Choose one of the themes of corrections mentioned in chapter 1. How has this theme effected corrections as you now understand it? (All applicable chapters)