Deck 3: Correctional History: Early Prisons to Corrections Today

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the early institutions built in America that followed the Quaker principles and ideas?

A) Newgate Prison
B) Eastern Pennsylvania Prison
C) Walnut Street Jail
D) All of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding the Walnut Street Jail is true?

A) it failed to separate by gender, age, or offense
B) it housed minor offenders
C) it used a fee system
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why did Beaumont and Tocqueville support the practice of maintaining solitude of inmates at night and silence during the day?

A) Silence led to reflection
B) Reduction of cross-contamination of inmates
C) Silence led to reformation
D) all of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who was Dorothea Dix?

A) Humanitarian
B) Teacher
C) Penal and insane asylum reformer
D) All of these

Question 5

Which system was a graduated reward system for prisons, developed by Maconochie in which if one behaves, it is possible to earn points that in turn entitled one to privileges?

A) Points system
B) Marks system
C) Maconochie's system
D) Rewards system

Question 6

Which of the following did Dorothea Dix believe to be true of most prison systems?

A) The prisons were adequately staffed
B) Leadership was exceptional
C) Prisons were overcrowded
D) Conditions were sanitary

Question 7

Which of the following reflects the purpose of the "marks" system?

A) Discipline
B) Encourage reform
C) Justify "good time"
D) All of these

Question 8

After the remodel, the Walnut Street Jail began to separate inmates by

A) gender and offense
B) age and gender
C) offense and status
D) status and gender

Question 9

In the Eastern Pennsylvania Prison, inmates were only allowed contact with

A) the clergy.
B) their families.
C) the staff.
D) their cellmates

Question 10

Illinois was one of the first states to

A) abolish the death penalty.
B) remove solitary confinement.
C) initiate civil service reforms.
D) use prison labor to make goods.

Question 11

Which of the following are considered to be a part of the convict code?

A) Do not inform
B) Do not openly interact or cooperate with the guards or administration
C) Do your own time
D) all of these

Question 12

Punishment and _____ are the only justifications for warehouse prisons.

A) restitution
B) incapacitation
C) rehabilitation
D) reintegration

Question 13

In the North, Midwest, and later, the West, prisons were built somewhat on the

A) Eastern Pennsylvania model
B) Sing Sing model
C) Elmira model
D) Auburn model

Question 14

The Elmira reformatory had a _____ focus.

A) incapacitation
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) deterrent

Question 15

Who was appointed to head the Elmira reformatory?

A) Elam Lynds
B) Zebulon Brockway
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Dorthea Dix

Question 16

At Sing Sing, an 1870 investigation found that inmates were

A) largely supervised.
B) had access to contraband.
C) were forced into labor most of the time.
D) had only 3 hours of yard time

Question 17

Which prison model did Dorothea Dix prefer?

Question 18

Which institutions utilized the separate system?

Question 19

Which institutions utilized the congregate system?

Question 20

Where did Elam Lynds find workers to build Sing Sing prison?

Question 21

Who drafted the Declaration of Principles?

Question 22

What was the focus of the Newgate Prison in New York City?

Question 23

What famous criminal did time at Eastern Pennsylvania Prison?

Question 24

What is the name of the reformatory that opened in 1876 that utilized the marks system?

Question 25

The contract and lease system would eventually give rise to what?

Question 26

Discuss in detail the history and significance of the Walnut Street Jail.

Question 27

Discuss the Pennsylvania and New York Systems. Which do you believe was better from inception? Why?

Question 28

Describe the creation and history of the Elmira Reformatory.

Question 29

Discuss the difference between the contract system and the lease system including historical context.