Deck 9: Socialist Protest Against Industrial Capitalism

Question 1

Whats defention of terms:
-individualistic socialism

Answer 1

philosophy asserting that capitalism exploits workers, but that an effective socialist economy must retain individual decision making through the market mechanism

Question 2

Whats defention of terms:
-cooperative socialism

Answer 2

a system that asserts that capitalism exploits workers, and that all production decisions in a socialist society must be made by democratic votes of all the employees in an enterprise or by a plan democratically voted on by everyone in a local, state, national, or global society

Question 3

Whats defention of terms:
-egalitarian

Answer 3

belief in equal social, political, and economic rights for all people

Question 4

Whats defention of terms:
-socialism

Question 5

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-Explain how socialists claimed that the existence of private property affected society

Question 6

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-What are two early divisions of socialist thought?

Question 7

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-According to Hodgskin, what is the real source of productivity in capitalism? Explain.

Question 8

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-According to Thompson, what are the inherent evils created by any competitive market system? What alternative to capitalism did he suggest?

Question 9

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-List the major socialist thinkers before Karl Marx, and briefly explain their contributions to socialist thought.

Question 10

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-According to Owen, if individualism seemed to imply equality why did it not lead to equality in practice, in other words, why does a hierarchical society persist?

Question 11

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-Godwin introduced two key ideas that were often repeated and used in the nineteenth century. Explain why a government in a capitalist society would never address the problems of capitalism.

Question 12

Comprehend the evolution of socialist thought.
-List and explain the two main methods for achieving socialism.

Question 13

Compare and contrast the basic elements of socialism and capitalism.
-How did the ideals of socialism conflict with the major tenets of classical liberalism?

Question 14

Compare and contrast the basic elements of socialism and capitalism.
-Explain how capitalists exploited the working class.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the basic elements of socialism and capitalism.
-Compare and contrast the major tenets of capitalism and classical liberalism with the fundamental ideas present in socialism. Which side do you find most appealing?

Question 16

Compare and contrast the basic elements of socialism and capitalism.
-Does Socialism mark the re-emergence of Christian Paternalism? Why or why not?

Question 17

Compare and contrast the basic elements of socialism and capitalism.
-Pick three people mentioned in this chapter whose ideas were most appealing to you and provide a brief summary of their thoughts. In addition, explain why you picked these particular people/ideas.

Question 18

Gracchus Babeuf is important in the socialist tradition because

A) he is the only French socialist.
B) he was the first to advance the idea if an egalitarian socialist state is to be achieved, then the existing government must be toppled by force.
C) he was the first to advance the idea if an egalitarian socialist state is to be achieved, then it must come about peacefully through the democratic process.
D) he was the first socialist to be elected to the French parliament.

Question 19

In his factory at New Lanark, Robert Owen

A) provided decent working conditions, livable wages, and education for working-class children.
B) was known for lax discipline, minimal oversight of workers, and low wages.
C) established a commune and recognized the first workers' union in an English textile mill.
D) employed only women and children.

Question 20

William Godwin

A) believed that corrupt and unjust social institutions were responsible for most of the moral defects of individuals.
B) defended private property because of the necessity for providing incentives to produce.
C) was the first socialist to advocate overthrow of the government by force.
D) believed government could act effectively to redress the evils of capitalism

Question 21

Henri de Saint-Simon
a. was a member of the aristocracy and defender of the idle rich.
b. believed the government was incapable of defending or protecting the welfare of the masses.
c. believed in the necessity of active government intervention in production, distribution and commerce in the interest of promoting the welfare of the masses.
d. popularized the idea of cooperatives (or phalanxes, as he called them).

Question 22

Charles Fourier

A) was a member of the aristocracy and defender of the idle rich.
B) believed the government was incapable of defending or protecting the welfare of the masses.
C) believed in the necessity of active government intervention in production, distribution and commerce in the interest of promoting the welfare of the masses.
D) popularized the idea of cooperatives (or phalanxes, as he called them).

Question 23

Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) is famous for the slogan

A) "Property is theft."
B) "Life in a state of nature is solitary, nasty, brutish and short."
C) "There's no such thing as a free lunch."
D) "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest."

Question 24

The origins of socialism can be traced to a protest against

A) the paternalism of the system of feudalism in England.
B) the inequality of capitalism and the social evils associated with this inequality.
C) the political repression of communism.
D) high unemployment and poverty of the Great Depression

Question 25

During the early 19^th century, there were two groups or traditions in socialism. These two traditions were

A) individualistic socialism and cooperative socialism.
B) liberal socialism and libertarian socialism.
C) market socialism and government socialism.
D) egalitarian socialism and paternalistic socialism.

Question 26

In the opinion of all socialists, inequality results primarily from

A) the institution of marriage.
B) the institution of the market.
C) the institution of private property.
D) the institution of liberalism

Question 27

According to Thomas Hodgskin, when a fisherman catches a fish with a net

A) both the fisherman and the net are productive.
B) the net is productive but the fisherman is not.
C) the fisherman is productive and the workers who made the net are productive.
D) the entrepreneur who hired the worker and bought the net is productive.