Question 1

Integration, differentiation, and continuity refer to&#10;A) ego identity, personal identity, and social identity&#10;B) the products of ego-executive abilities&#10;C) the products of ego-synthetic abilities&#10;D) the three most durable aspects of human self-definition

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Why is it difficult to provide an unambiguous definition of the self?&#10;A) the self does not &#34;exist&#34;&#10;B) too many researchers have operationalized it in different ways&#10;C) the word has been contaminated by generic multiple uses for years&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Which of the following attributes have been empirically associated with identity-based agency?&#10;A) a sense of purpose in life&#10;B) self-esteem&#10;C) an internal locus of control&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above attributes (a sense of purpose in life, self-esteem, and an internal locus of control) have been empirically associated with identity-based agency.

Question 4

The use of personal agency in forming new identities and maintaining established identities is called&#10;A) ego-executive ability&#10;B) ego-synthetic ability&#10;C) identity-based agency&#10;D) self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Personal agency in forming and maintaining identities is specifically referred to as identity-based agency. Option A (ego-executive) refers to processes of the ego in decision-making, and option B (ego-synthetic) is not a recognized term. Option D (self-efficacy) is related to one's belief in their ability to perform specific tasks or achieve specific goals, but it does not directly relate to forming and maintaining identities.

Question 5

What developmental advantage does strong sense of self-efficacy give people?&#10;A) it can inoculate people from the effects of stress, anxiety, and depression&#10;B) it can help people develop a better sense of optimal distinctiveness&#10;C) it can help people develop a better sense of continuity&#10;D) it can help people develop a better sense of integration

Accepted Answer

A strong sense of self-efficacy can help people feel capable and confident in their abilities. This can make them more resilient in the face of stress, anxiety, and depression, allowing them to persevere and maintain their mental health.

Question 6

Self-concept is a qualitative category (e.g., &#34;I am a squash player&#34;), while ____________ is a variable assessment of self-concept (e.g., &#34;I am a good/ average/ poor squash player&#34;)&#10;A) self-esteem&#10;B) self-efficacy&#10;C) ego identity&#10;D) self-assessment

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the subjective evaluation one has of themselves, which can range from positive to negative. It is a variable assessment of self-concept that is based on one's beliefs about their abilities, worth, and value. Self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to perform a specific task and is also a variable assessment of self-concept. Ego identity refers to the sense of self that is developed over time through interactions with others and is a more comprehensive concept than self-concept or self-esteem. Self-assessment is a general term that can refer to any type of evaluation or appraisal of oneself.

Question 7

What do the theories of mass society, postmodern society, and late-modern society have in common?&#10;A) they all promote personal agency as important for identity formation&#10;B) all three theories reflect a growing preoccupation with inadequacies in people's sense of meaning and purpose&#10;C) each has a theory of identity formation&#10;D) each uses the term &#34;age of anxiety&#34;

Accepted Answer

All three theories express concerns about a lack of meaning and purpose in society. Mass society theory posits that people become lost in a homogenized society, postmodern theory critiques the fragmentation and loss of traditional values in hyper-consumerist societies, and late-modern theory emphasizes the pressures on identity in a rapidly changing world. None of the other options reflect a commonality between all three theories.

Question 8

Why is it a mistake to assume that Buddhism recommends that people must eradicate the &#34;self&#34; or &#34;ego&#34; from their minds if they are to find happiness?&#10;A) people need to exercise the basic mental processes of self-control&#10;B) forms of selfishness can be sources of happiness&#10;C) self-efficacy is required to practice meditation&#10;D) self-criticism is an important component of Buddhism

Accepted Answer

Buddhism emphasizes the importance of self-control and mindfulness, which involves understanding and managing one's thoughts and actions rather than completely eradicating the self or ego.

Question 9

A person's specific niche in a community, experienced as a sense of uniqueness/individuation from others, is referred to as&#10;A) integration-the first principle of human identity&#10;B) differentiation-the second principle of human identity&#10;C) continuity-the third principle of human identity&#10;D) adult identity

Accepted Answer

Differentiation is the second principle of human identity and refers to a person's sense of uniqueness or individuation from others. This sense of differentiation is often experienced through a person's specific niche or role within their community. Integration (A) refers to the process of combining different aspects of oneself and one's environment into a cohesive whole. Continuity (C) refers to the sense of consistency and stability in one's sense of self over time. Adult identity (D) is a general term that encompasses all of the principles of human identity and refers to the overall sense of self and identity that an individual develops over the course of their life.

Question 10

Mental processes with which the person processes information are referred to as&#10;A) ego-executive functions&#10;B) ego-synthetic functions&#10;C) self-efficacy abilities&#10;D) ego identity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mental processes with which the person processes...

Deck 1: From Ageless Questions to Current Theories