Question 1

The degrees of freedom problem is based on which of the following?&#10;A) A limb's range of motion&#10;B) The number of elements or components of the system that have to be controlled&#10;C) The lack of time available to receive feedback&#10;D) The influence of the external environment on movement

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom problem pertains to the challenge of controlling a system with many elements or components that need to be controlled to achieve a specific goal. This can be seen in various situations, including human movement, robotics, and engineering design. Controlling a system with many degrees of freedom requires overcoming the challenge of coordinating and synchronizing the different elements to achieve the desired outcome.

Question 2

The wind is an example of what type of constraint?&#10;A) Organismic constraint&#10;B) Environmental constraint&#10;C) Task constraint&#10;D) Internal constraint

Accepted Answer

The wind is an example of an environmental constraint, as it is a factor outside of an individual's control that can impact their performance or behavior.

Question 3

According to the Dynamic System Theory, compressing available degrees of freedom into a single functional unit that is designed to carry out a specific task is called&#10;A) An attractor&#10;B) A phase shift&#10;C) A rate limiter&#10;D) Self-organization

Accepted Answer

Self-organization is a process described by the Dynamic Systems Theory where multiple components of a system spontaneously organize themselves to function as a cohesive unit without being guided by an external command, particularly in the context of motor control and development. This process involves the integration of available degrees of freedom into a single functional unit to perform a specific task efficiently.

Question 4

What are preferred states of stability known as?&#10;A) Constraints&#10;B) Phase shifts&#10;C) Perceptual-motor workspace&#10;D) Attractors

Accepted Answer

Preferred states of stability are known as attractors. Attractors are stable states towards which a system tends to evolve.

Question 5

According to the Dynamic System Theory, deep attractor basins are characteristic of what type of behavior?&#10;A) Erratic behavior&#10;B) Stable behavior&#10;C) Instable behavior&#10;D) All behavior

Accepted Answer

Deep attractor basins are characteristic of stable behavior in the Dynamic System Theory.

Question 6

_______________ attractor states are characteristic of instable systems.&#10;A) Shallow&#10;B) Deep&#10;C) Superficial&#10;D) Consistent

Accepted Answer

Shallow attractor states are characteristic of unstable systems, indicating that the system can easily move out of these states due to perturbations or changes in conditions.

Question 7

A functional movement pattern is one that is __________.&#10;A) A movement pattern that is unstable&#10;B) A movement pattern that will accomplish a specific task goal&#10;C) A movement pattern that must be corrected&#10;D) A movement pattern that all learners should be able to perform in the exact same manner

Accepted Answer

A functional movement pattern is one that will accomplish a specific task goal. It is not necessarily unstable or in need of correction, and different learners may perform it slightly differently while still achieving the task goal.

Question 8

Since being bedridden from pneumonia, Martha has lost some of her flexibility. As a result, she is no longer able to achieve certain yoga poses. The loss of flexibility in this situation is an example of which of the following?

A) A constraint
B) A control parameter
C) A rate limiter
D) a and c

Accepted Answer

The loss of flexibility acts as both a constraint, limiting Martha's ability to perform specific movements or poses, and a rate limiter, which refers to a variable that holds back or slows the progress of a motor development or ability. In this context, her reduced flexibility directly impacts her capability to achieve certain yoga poses.

Question 9

Practitioners can create action possibilities that allow for the emergence of desired behaviors by doing which of the following?&#10;A) Altering playing area dimensions&#10;B) Moving a learner's limb into the desired position&#10;C) Having a patient imitate the practitioner's actions&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Altering playing area dimensions can create different constraints and affordances, allowing for the emergence of desired behaviors by adapting to the new environment.

Question 10

If a pitcher throws a change up and the hitter swings in anticipation of a fastball, the hitter has made an error in which of the following?&#10;A) Generalized motor program selection&#10;B) Parameter selection&#10;C) Invariant feature selection&#10;D) Schema selection

Accepted Answer

The hitter's error is in parameter selection, as they misjudged the speed of the pitch, expecting a fastball instead of a change-up.

Question 11

What is the difference between open and closed loop systems?&#10;A) Open loop has an executive level and closed loop does not&#10;B) Closed loop has an executive level and open loop does not&#10;C) Open loop runs as planned while closed loop can be modified&#10;D) Closed loop runs as planned while open loop can be modified

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between open and...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of information used to develop one's schema?&#10;A) Response outcome&#10;B) Individual differences&#10;C) Response specifications&#10;D) Sensory consequences

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 13

The manipulation of variables within a movement pattern to meet the demands of a given situation is known as&#10;A) Coordination&#10;B) Control&#10;C) Dynamic interaction&#10;D) Specificity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The manipulation of variables within a movement...

Question 14

The process of constraining available degrees of freedom to organize a movement pattern that will effectively achieve the goal of the task is called&#10;A) Coordination&#10;B) Control&#10;C) Dynamic interaction&#10;D) Specificity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of constraining available degrees of...

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered an invariant feature?&#10;A) Sequence of actions or components&#10;B) Specification of muscles and or limbs&#10;C) Relative timing&#10;D) Relative force

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT considered...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a parameter?&#10;A) Muscle selection&#10;B) Overall duration&#10;C) Overall force&#10;D) Relative timing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT considered...

Question 17

What is the name of the features of the generalized motor program that are flexible and define how to execute the program?&#10;A) Rate limiters&#10;B) Constraints&#10;C) Invariant features&#10;D) Parameters

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the features...

Question 18

The relatively fixed underlying characteristics that define a generalized motor program are called&#10;A) Invariant features&#10;B) Parameters&#10;C) Schema&#10;D) Sensory consequences

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relatively fixed underlying characteristics that define...

Question 19

Which of the following specifies the parameter values assigned to the generalized motor program?&#10;A) Invariant features&#10;B) Schema&#10;C) Control parameters&#10;D) Stable attractors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following specifies the parameter...

Question 20

A change in relative timing indicates a change in which of the following?&#10;A) Schema&#10;B) Parameters&#10;C) Generalized motor program&#10;D) Learner's ability

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change in relative timing indicates a...

Question 21

Constraints can be both limiting and enabling.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Constraints can be both limiting and enabling....

Deck 4: Behavioral Theories of Motor Control